??ࡱ?>??  ? ?????????s????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????b ???jbjb?? "?m?m????????????????<@u@u@u@u4tu<M?2?vL?v?v?v?v?wR?wxāƁƁƁƁƁƁ,?Rх???)x?w?w)x)x??x???v?v???x?x?x)x.??v??vā?x$$ ????)xā?x?xV?????āxv xe??@uWxd@? ā?0M?L?x???x??ā?x?<<f@u<<@uTABLE OF CONTENTS?Global Alliance? SeriesAlliance ? An Ethnic Newspaper at KSU, 1981 ? 1986By Susan L. Allen, Ph.D.?Alliance ? Definition,? November 1981?Fellowmen,? December 1981?Why Alliance?? January/February 1982?Important Happenings,? March 1982?Most Likely to Succeed,? May 1982?First Global Conference,? Summer 1982?Nuance,? September 1982?Hieroglyphics,? October 1982?Depression,? November 1982?Christmas Giving,? December 1982?New Year?s Resolution,? February 1983?Women Religious Leaders,? March 1983?Latin Terms,? April 1983?Doubleheaders,? May 1983?Available: Rooms w/ View,? October 1983?What?s A ?Real Person??? November 1983?Happy New Year 1984 ? Let?s Hear It For 2001!? December 1983?Who Says So?? February 1984?Planning Ahead,? March 1984?Shifting Cheers, part 1,? April/May 1984?Shifting Cheers, part 2,? April/May 1984?Tuning Out,? September 1984?Some Middle Ground,? October 1984?Grandparents,? November 1984?Limits to Benevolence,? December 1984?Other Voices,? January/February 1985?Balancing,? March 1985?Read/Ability,? 1985?Normaler Than Thou,? May 1985?Building Lifeboats,? September/October 1985?Models & Metaphors,? October/November 1985?Following the Leader,? November/December 1985?Being a Choicemaker,? December 1985?One, Two, Three ? Slide? February 1986?From a Program: Living, Ethical Wills? March 1986?A Path of the Heart,? April 1986?What if they Had a New Age?.And Nobody Came?? May 1986 Alliance (November 1981) By definition, ?alliance? refers to a union, a connection by kinship, a pact based on common interest. This space will be used to present regular columns about connections among the people on our globe. In late October 1981 the first ever ?North-South? meeting of nations took place in Cancun, Mexico. The conference of 22 nations represented two-thirds of the world?s population was covered by the media, unlike many previous meeting of Third World leaders, because the U.S. President attended. However, most media use so little ?international? news that quotes from President Reagan nudged out nearly all background on the meaning of important terms, like ?North? and ?South?. So this small space will be used to clear that up for those who may still be wondering. A French-West Indian revolutionary named Frantz Fanon coined the term ?Third World? to express his idea that the division of the world into only ?capitalist? and ?Communist? blocs was overly simple. Fanon, about whom Jean-Paul Sartre once said ?the Third World finds itself and speaks to itself through his voice,? argued that a third bloc of countries was economically so far removed from the industrialized countries that it constituted a veritable ?Third World.? These countries, also called ?developing? and ?underdeveloped? are becoming commonly referred to as the ?South.? Located geographically south of the Equator, the 100-plus countries are the homes of over 70 percent of the 4.5 billion people in the world. New Zealand and Australia are examples of the geographical exceptions to this division but, by contrast, the ?North? or the ?developed, industrialized? world is made up of just 24 countries that have market economies and eight Eastern European countries that have centrally planned economies. For reasons having mostly to do with the geographic good fortune of an abundant natural environment. The northern countries gained an early developmental lead. In the relatively few years that worldwide transportation has been possible, countries that developed fastest began to use not just their own resources but ? with their new technology ? they began using the slower-developing countries resources as well. This imbalance and other legacies of colonialism helped the ?North? become more and more ?advanced? while the ?South? was losing not only its natural resources but also the cumulative resources needed to develop a science and technological framework of its own. Whether the uneven development can be attributed to greed, luck, human nature, or simply described and not judged, is open to debate. When Fanon coined the term ?Third World?, all of the so-designated countries were poor. But everything changes. Now the Third World encompasses some of the world?s richest countries, such as Nigeria, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and the rest of the OPEC countries. But, still, most of their problems remain. The Third World has little to say about crucial global issues like the structure of economic and monetary systems, the use of raw materials, food, energy, science and technology, and transnational corporations because the countries that developed first gained control of global systems. Today we are beginning to see some action being taken in response to recent (historically speaking) changes in global needs and awareness. Communication and transportation have generated a new sensitivity to inequity; we have new resource needs; population and food problems are critical in some countries. Cumulative changes such as these have begun to help push the pendulum of world power toward the center. Industrialized countries are becoming aware that perpetuation of colonial global structures will inevitably lead to some sort of conflict and that a rebalancing of global assets and liabilities is in their own self-interest. Naturally the method of ?rebalancing? is complex. Rich nations are not going to give half of their assets to poor countries, even rich nations who are a part of the Third World. But, believe it or not, a gross ?taking from the rich and giving to the poor? would probably not provide lasting solutions to Third World problems. The environmental inequities and overlaying structural imbalance in the world?s social-political-economic systems will not be resolved quickly or with superficial solutions, even money. Thus the ?north-South? conference: twenty-two world leaders met for the first time to discuss what to do. When the prophets of doom tell you the world is going to hell in a hand basket, remember this conference. Global problems were not solved in Cancun, Mexico but they were lessened because nations of the North and South have at least acknowledged their interdependence. Communication can?t bring the world ?perfect harmony?, but it can help us ORGANIZE on a global scale so global frustrations can be addressed.(c Susan l. Allen, 1981) Fellowmen (December 1981)The foreword to a very old book about Christmas begins, ?Christmas ? the word itself bespeaks a kindlier feeling toward our fellowmen!? I picked up the book with every intention of writing a column about Christmas customs around the world; about how we might strive to feel kindlier toward those whose customs are not familiar to us; about how divers and, yet, alike are the sentiment expressed in greeting like, ?Merry Christmas,? ?Happy Hanukkah,? or ?Happy Kwanzaa.? I wanted to illustrate the richness human variety brings to what would otherwise be a drab and redundant world. But I couldn?t get past the word ?fellowmen.? ?Fellowmen? is a common word meaning everybody.? I told myself. ?It?s silly to be indignant at an old Christmas book for only ?implying? kindlier feelings toward women. Forget it. Go on.? But I had stopped too long. I had begun, by then, to think of how in Africa, the Pacific, much of the East, and many many other places in the world women are considered too ?unclean? to participate in religious rituals because they menstruate. I though of how our nationalized, civilized, legalized, and romanticized documents have failed to mention women in grand, ?all encompassing? phrases like, ?All men are created equal.? Maybe I had been too generous even to assume women were being implied into the kindly wishes of the Christmas book author. Women have been taught to ?read? themselves into ?mankind.? But, although, when I looked up mankind in Webster?s, one definition was ?the human race?; the other was ?men as distinguished from women.? Are women being implied or ignored? This is not the place to debate equality, or even justice. But the Christmas season does remind us that all of the world?s religions are centered on men, in varying degrees. So when we look for an underlying cause for the heartfelt belief among so many in the second-class status of women, we can?t help wondering what part of our religions have played in perpetuation the myth of inferiority, and why. A classic witticism to male centered Christian beliefs is that ?God and a woman? created Jesus and, if either gender is ?implied,? it?s man. But, of course, the retort is easily dismissed by remarking that it is a judgeheadded sacrilege and it clouds our perception of reality by playing ?calisthenics with words.? But, then, so is it calisthenics with words to jive women into believing they are being included in the word ?men? wherever it appears. Don?t look now, but ?words? are reality. So, getting back to my Christmas wish. I hope the joy of Christmas reminds us to feel kindlier to all people. I suppose we will fear, and fight, among ourselves until we find a bigger ?boogie man? out in space. But we really should try to get along together on our little earth. I?m sure that?s what the Christmas book author meant to imply. Perhaps as a Christmas present to the world we can try to stop ignoring it when half of the population is ignored in our churches and our government and our language. We might even suggest to our congress people (Can Nancy Kassebaum be ?implied? into the word congressmen?) that if the Equal Rights Amendment distresses so many people, an even more simple sentiment might be amended into our laws. At the beginning of the Constitution, where it talks about ?inalienable rights,? instead of saying ?All men are created equal,? lets change it to read, ?All people are created equal.? That wording would imply everything in the document would henceforth be applicable to ?all of us, each and every one.? Who could object to that, except maybe Scrooge! Merry Christmas.(c Susan l. Allen, 1981) Why Alliance? (January/February 1982) Why bother publishing a newspaper like Alliance in a university with an established newspaper, a city with an established; a state and nation with hundreds and hundreds of established newspapers? There are several reasons, but here is one. Have you ever noticed how similar conventional newspapers have become; how little international and domestic intercultural news is presented; how limited the definition of what makes ?news? seems to be? The June, 1981 issue of World Press Review contains an article that has a great deal to say for supporting media innovations, such as Alliance, in our increasingly information-based society, if indirectly. The article, ?The Next Economic Boom,? by Peter Hall, uses examples from heavy industries, such as steel and automobiles, to explain an economic theory that can as well be applied to the newspaper industry. Very briefly, the theory (created by economists Nikolai Kondratieff, Joseph Schumpeter, and Gerhard Mensch) states that capitalist economics everywhere ? from the Industrial Revolution onward ? have followed a regular growth-and-decline cycle. About every half-century they go full circle from bust to boom and back to bust again. Since the mid-1970?s, our traditional, established, industries have been on the downward swing. During the recession period of each long ?wave? of change, however, there is an exceptional cluster of new inventions, which seem never to be applied until the start of the next upswing. Inventions occur over a scattered period of time within a cycle but innovations (the word used to describe the application of inventions) occur in bunches within a short time ? producing either altered or completely new processes, products, and industries. These innovations keep the system vital. Theorists predict that our next period of maximum innovation will start in 1984 and reach a peak around 1989. They also believe the locus of innovation, having shifted from Britain to Germany to the U.S. over the years, will continue to shift ? with Japan playing a progressively greater role. What Japan has been able to do within the past quarter of a century to draw the enter of innovation toward it has been to ?systematically identify the growth industries of the next wave, pump the necessary governmental research and development money into them and wait for the private section to come in and exploit the results.? U.S. industries have not been this dynamic. Hall believes that the failure of traditional industries in the U.S. was caused by a failure to continue innovating. Pittsburg did not switch to specialized, high-quality steels when they needed to?Detroit failed to build small cars soon enough, and so on. The U.S. industrial Midwest will, as a consequence, be hard hit by the new wave. The great Victorian economist, Alfred Marshall, said it all nearly a century ago: The spirit of enterprise, of innovation is something that is in the air of a place ? and the air may go stale. Our conventional press has been as successful as General Motors and Pittsburg Steel throughout the last economic wave. And it has succeeded, in large part, by meeting the information needs of the same population (audience) that profited by the steel and automobile empires. But the air is getting stale. The world is changing, the information needs of a much broader-based audience are expanding, and the press must be innovative ? or go by the way of other industrial dinosaurs. Alliance does not have the resources of the Collegian, le alone the giant news agencies. It does, however, recognize a ?growth? audience that can no longer be ignored and it is helping to ?invent? an intercultural approach to news that, perhaps one day, the private sector will exploit.(c Susan l. Allen, 1982) Important Happenings (March 1982) One of the most important happenings of the 1960s and 1970s, maybe the most important one, was the realization among large numbers of people that all living things are interconnected. Yuri Gagarin and John Glenn encircled the earth in 1961 and 1962 and, suddenly, we knew an earth without borders. Then, four days before Christmas, 1968, Apollo 8 sent us pictures of the earth from afar and, for the first time ever, we saw our ?spaceship earth?, as Buckminster Fuller called it, as one unit. We became aware that what happened to the environment of Kansas happened to the environment of Cairo; that what President A did affected what Premier B did; and that what you and I did eventually interconnected, also. We could finally see, with our own eyes, what poets and prophets and even scientists had been discovering for centuries: that, however stated, we are indeed each other?s ?keepers,? and our earth?s stewards. Great masses of people learned the basic principle of ecology: You can?t do just one thing. In 1970, one year after Apollo 11 landed on the moon, the late Dr. Margaret Mead wrote enthusiastically that ?just 10 years ago? interest in vital global concerns such as ecology and over-population had been limited to various small groups who had little impact beyond the group. ?Today,? she said, ?these same problems have become matters of urgent concern to vast numbers of people around the world?Today, we are coming to recognize that the protection of human beings, not only through the limitation of children born anywhere in the world but also through education and new forms of social care, is a matter of concern to every individual.? Mead was encouraged, in 1970, that Americans were ?beginning to recognize how interwoven the questions are that vex our hearts and minds. No matter where one begins?all the other problems come up also,? she said. ?Each is but a thread in the total fabric of society.? Twelve years ago, most of us sensed the widening perspective and the increased acceptance of our own social responsibility that Mead applauded. We were making progress toward a stewardship ethic. We even allowed ourselves to hope that the people of the world understood their interconnectedness, even if their leaders seemingly did not. We hoped for peaceful solutions. I have missed Dr. Mead lately. I wonder what she would think about James Watt, and about our renewed militarism. For that matter, I wonder what she would think about the Texas school book review committee; about eh gun lobby and the so-called moral majority; about Phyllis Shafley and ?Pac Man?; about students exchanging dreams of the Peace Corps for visions of ?mega bucks? and M.B.A.s. I wonder if, upon looking at the world in 1982, Mead would react with the perplexity a six-year-old friend experienced when comparing a college photograph of my mother to the current reality standing (20 years later) beside it: ?What happened?? she asked incredulously. Would Dr. Mead think we are experiencing collective amnesias? I doubt it. I miss Margaret Mead most because she was always able to put current emergencies into perspective; take us out of our familiar orbit and show us a larger pattern; make some sense out of the confusion. I expect she would think that in the grand scheme of things a backlash was to be expected after a period of such rapid change. I hope she would have explained the early 1980s as a necessary plateau instead of a ?backward charge? as some are calling it. I also think, however, that Dr. Mead would counsel us all, as participating citizens who now have access to a global perspective, to be watchful about the irreversibles: nuclear proliferation, the environment, the protection of essential diversity, the population. ?Humanity is not to be found in any kind of romantic retreat, in a denial of present reality, in any decision to rest within the known,? she said during an earlier stalemate. ?Each stage of discovery has enlarged not only men?s understanding of the world, but also their awareness of human potentialities. So I believe we cannot stop now on the threshold of new experience. We must put our knowledge to the test. Human potentialities, unexercised, can whither and fester, can become malignant and dangerous. A society that no longer moves forward does not merely stagnate; it begins to die.? ?We are in the process of creating a new civilization in which, for the first time, people everywhere are beginning to take part in the events that are shaping our common future,? she said. ?The uncompleted business of yesterday must be absorbed into the business of today and tomorrow.? So, I find Dr. Mead?s lessons have outlived her. I think she would be calm in 1982 ? if realerted ? because of the essential optimism she expressed in the past by cheerfully encouraging us with the WWII motto: ?The difficult we do at once. The impossible takes a little longer.?(c Susan l. Allen) Most Likely to Succeed (May 1982) All of us have known someone we thought was the ?most likely to succeed? and, when we met them later, they were still hanging around, not doing anything. At least some of these people had what I think of as the burden of a great potential. They were told (and they believed) that they would be something great ? but many never found a way to be great, or be anything. Their energies were formless, like a river without a bank. Many of us lucky American children who have never had to worry about locating our next meal, know someone who has sought to lift our possibly affluent but otherwise burdened spirits with the assurance, ?You can be anything you want to be; do anything you want to do.?The inference, of course, was that all we needed to do was decide WHAT to achieve ? somewhere out there beyond making money ? and the doing of it would follow along like a cart follows a horse. Some of us have waited, hopefully, for 30 or 40 years now, wondering, in that case, what the WHAT should be. If the choice were wide open and earning money was not the essential purpose, a great deal of pressure became attached to just what we would put in our cart and just where we would pull it. As Charlie Brown once told Snoopy, ?There?s no heavier burden than a great potential.? Why do we not just choose something? Perhaps some have placed so much hope in their hypothetical potential that they forgot to prepare themselves to do anything ? the ?greatness conviction? has led more than one human being into the unhappy state of never having learned one useful or marketable skill. Some, it?s true, were so spoiled or lazy or inept that dream goals were beyond them and, yet, in rejecting the average tasks, they failed to learn the joy of any accomplishment. A goodly number even seem to thin, that not deciding on a future will immortalize them. There are many reasons for never deciding what to ?be? or ?do.? Psychologist Rollo May said in The Courage to Create (1975) that many of us are stifled, not by lack of choice or potential, but by the perception of too much of it. Those who want to ?do something? in the world HAVE limited themselves by choosing or perhaps recognizing some limitations, he said. We need to select some FORM within which to operate. May said that when someone says you have the potential to do ?anything,? it is like pushing you out into the Atlantic Ocean in a canoe and cheerfully calling out, ?the sky?s the limit.? We know there are real, internal and external, limits in life: health, ability, environment, historical moment, even death. But we may not realize that these limits also serve to channel us. People are limited in the same way banks ?limit? a river; banks also FORM the river, it would not exist ? as a recognizable entity without them. In this way, limitation and possibility are the same thing. A sonnet is a poem limited to 14 lines and certain other rules that also make it a sonnet. The restrictions these external limits impose upon the poet actually help channel his or her unique and internally limited thinking within a form, and work to make new ways of seeing possible. Maybe if we who are ?most likely? and even supposedly ?less likely? to succeed would decide to take a plunge ? recognize and even set some limits, we could actually discover our unique personal worth within a less-than-perfect profession or activity. People who love us will continue to say that we ?can do anything.? We can be heartened by it, but we must never believe them to the point that we never establish our banks.(c Susan L. Allen, 1982) First Global Conference (Summer 1982) At the First Global Conference on the Future, in 1980 a participant predicted that for many, the uncertain times now and ahead of us may make submission to an absolute authority increasingly attractive. ?The erosion of values in rapidly developing countries and meaninglessness in post industrial societies will lead more people to commit themselves to religious fanaticism,? he said. Forty years ago, Nobel Prize winning scientist and philosopher Bertrand Russell gave a similar warning. Russell wasn?t worried by a specific form of tyranny by the righteous, but by the mind-set that accepts any fanatic belief. He said people are always looking for something which offers a definite answer to all of their questions. We know it is hard enough to handle the uncertainties and scary parts of life even when we can believe some person, church, government, ideology, or other authority has the capacity to define real and right for us ? and all we have to do is try to follow it. Waking up to the fact that life is filled with ambiguity, that our culture offers us but one of many different and changing world views, and that even physics and religion cannot give us ?pat? answers requires not just hard work but a good deal of courage. Consequently, most people rarely make the effort. Striving to acquire the skill of perspective and the ability to think for ourselves doesn?t mean we get to follow individual beliefs to the point of ?yelling fire in the theatre,? except under extreme circumstances (Nazi German and Joe McCarthy America come to mind). But when should we conform, and expect others to conform, to some idea of right and normal and when should we look beyond a given answer? There are various levels of situations, of course, ranging all of the way from what we do in the privacy of our home to what we do that directly affects large numbers of other people. Rules which concern how parents care for their children are less strictly defined than rules which govern international air traffic, but Russell and the futurist point out that a dogmatic mind will try to apply very narrowly prescribed rules to the complete spectrum of human behavior. The notion that we should be like everyone else, even in this most individualistic of cultures, is immensely strong ? and, among the fanatical of any persuasion, it is rigid. ?Kermit the Frog? had it right when he sighed, ?It ain?t easy being green.? Is ?same? best; is ?everybody? always right? Herbert Prochrow once said, ?Civilization is a slow process of adopting the ideas of minorities.? And, the often eccentric singer, Barbara Streisand, poked fun at the absurdity of having only one definition of ?normal? when (tongue firmly in cheek) she said, ?I used to be different, but from now on I?m going to be the same.? Maybe small, personal conflicts with something called normality by our own culture can serve as a microscopic lesson when we, ourselves, are tempted to pronounce an unfamiliar idea abnormal or wrong. It undoubtedly seemed right to white children in the South years ago that white skin was ?naturally? superior to skin of color. How could they think otherwise? Everyone around them believed it. Most beliefs of this ?earth is flat? variety are so ingrained that we do not THINK about them at all. Basic, everyday beliefs and attitudes are so built in that we can no more perceive them without effort than a fish can know it is in water. Our customs, what we define as right, real, normal, surround us in just the same invisible way water envelopes a fish. It is easy to make fun of a different approach to life; shoot down an unfamiliar, threatening idea. It has not been too many years since children were beaten for using their left hands and not too many since people were burned at the stake for personal beliefs that differed from the ?norm.? But, as Bertrand Russell said, ?Unfortunately, the atomic bomb is a swifter exterminator than the stake?? Russell believed that only through a revival of ?tentativeness? and ?tolerance? can our world survive. His own creed was that we should live-and-let-live, practicing tolerance and freedom, ?so far as public order permits.? He advised an ?absence of fanaticism? in all ideology. It is not so important what opinions are held, Russell said; what is important is how they are held. ?Instead of being held dogmatically, they are held tentatively, and with a consciousness that new evidence may at any moment lead to their abandonment.? When we look around and see difference in climate and bugs and leaves, and we understand that the diversity is inevitable and necessary for survival ? why can?t we see that the same is true for human life? Perhaps once we have experienced enough of the world to realize that there I s more than one right answer to practically everything and that new ideas don?t necessarily wreck our entire world, then we will have begun to grow into the kind of person who can contribute to what the late President Kennedy called our greatest challenge: ?creating a world safe for difference.?(c Susan L. Allen) Nuance (September 1982) In the fall of 1976, Curtis Doss, Jr., Martha Chavez, Nita Cobbins, Joanna Smith, Cheryl Charles, Liz Esteban, Sam Mathis Valerie Pope, Carol Rosales, Sara Wade, Robin Walker, David Brown, and Harold Carter got together and formed a newspaper at K-State called Nuance. The four-page monthly newspaper was published cooperatively by BSU, MEChA, and NAISB. In the first issue of Nuance Editor Curtis Doss said, ?The ideal(s) behind Nuance are ones of which I can?t help felling we, as members of the K-State community should all be committed to. If given only a line to express them on, I would say Nuance gives us the opportunity to create better relations between minority and majority through better understanding of minority thoughts and perspectives. ?I feel it?s quite easy at K-State to become expose(d) ? and if not careful engulfed ? in the majority?s perspectives,? Doss said. ?But what of minority perspectives? Should a student leave his ethnic perspectives at home to become stale and useless? Or should it be brought to campus, cultivated and encouraged to grow and take its places as a useful segment of university?? Doss said certainly a majority perspective is important, ?but it?s all around.? ?I read it when I pick up the campus newspaper, I see it as I wander through various segments of the university and, in most cases, I hear it from the lips of my professor,? he said. ?How much does the majority read, see, and hear of different minority perspectives; very little, I?m afraid,? he said. ?Shades of skin denote only part of ethnic or racial differences,? Doss continued. ?If characteristics such as customs and thought trends are left unexposed to the majority, stereotypes will only continue to plague communications and understanding.? Doss said Nuance was a tool by which customs could be exposed; that it was to be a medium by which perspectives could be communicated and a bridge by which understanding could better flow. I am curious what happened to Nuance. It disappeared after only one year. My guess is that when Doss and the others left K-State, their dream of an ethnic minority newspaper went with them. Alliance has many of the same goals as Nuance. Illuminating the connections (alliances) across the variations (nuances) of our diverse American cultures is an important mission of the Office of Minority Affairs, and this newspaper. We hope we have overcome the inevitable newspaper staff graduation problem by creating a permanent staff position within the Office of Minority Affairs to handle editing duties. But that doesn?t mean Alliance is no longer the student?s newspaper. Help us firmly set Alliance?s (now four-year-old) roots as student?s newspaper by contributing ideas and articles about the ethnic minority community at K-State and in the area. Write for it yourselves! I would like to suggest that all minority student organizations assign reporting duties to a member so you are sure to have your events covered. This includes MEChA, BSU, PRSO, NAISB, and all Greek organizations. It also includes informal groups and individual students as well as members of the Manhattan community. Minority perspectives are an important part of the community and, by sharing some of them, Alliance can be helpful to both the minority and majority population.(c Susan L. Allen) Hieroglyphics (October 1982) You don?t hear people chatting with their mummies like you once did ( I couldn?t resist). But, in case the will is there but the language is not, perhaps we can resolve the communication gap and revive an ancient art right here and now. Sometime before 3000 B.C. Egyptians evolved what we now think of as ancient Egyptian writing, or hieroglyphics.  EMBED Word.Picture.8  Hieroglyphics is not too different from English in many ways. Egyptians simply used pictures for symbols instead of letters. Like English, the Egyptians language was based on a 24 picture-letter alphabet. However, they also had over 3,000 illustrations, which stood for entire concepts ? very much like our road signs. If Egyptians had been forming picture-letters from English words, they might have used a coiled wire to mean ?spring? or stand for the sound ?sp?. They might have used a clock to mean ?time?. And, to say ?springtime?, they would have written a coiled spring beside a clock. For the concept ?belief?, they could have drawn a bee and a leaf. Eventually the necessary sounds became represented by picture-letters and standardized, and an alphabet was born. The ancient Egyptian language is a complex, well-developed one with an entire grammar to learn and many more in-depth kinds of meaning and rules. But, for our purposes, the following hieroglyphs can be a useful and fun introduction. Some of the sounds overlap, but the picture-letters shown here give the English alphabet equivalent in Egyptian hieroglyphs. The ?a? sound is an Egyptian vulture. ?B? and ?v? are represented by a foot. Both ?c? and ?k? are symbolized by a king?s cup. ?D? is what might have been a dirty hand (often shown as though covered with a mitten). ?F? is a feared and quite possibly fanged horned viper. A golden jar formed the ?g?. ?H? is a shelter. ?I? and ?e? are both formed from a reed leaf (which may be drawn without lines in the reed). ?J? is a cobra> No two languages can be precisely converted into the other. Each has special qualities, which make it distinctive. The nearest sound to an ?l? is the ?rw? of hieroglyphics, written as a lion. Certainly lion is easily associated with ?l?, so it is used to symbolize the ?l? sound. ?M? is, maybe a mummified owl. ?N? is represented by the Egyptian sign for water. The ?o? is another imprecise letter, but can be represented by a partially tied bow. The ?p? is a pink, or possibly purple, mat (sometimes shown without the grid pattern). ?Q? is a queen-sized hill. ?R? is a rounded mouth. The ?s? was formed by a folded cloth and was sometimes drawn something like this:  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://members.aol.com/egyptnew/glyph/s.GIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET  to represent a door bolt. ?T? is a tasty loaf of good Egyptian bread. ?U? and ?w? are both drawn with a baby quail. To get ?x? combine the ?c? cup and the ?s? folded cloth (use them both). For ?y? draw two reed leaves. And for ?z? use the alternate ?s? symbol, the door bolt. There is more than one way to write names. For example, they may be read from top to bottom, left to right (and in some cases even right to left). Betty can be written with a foot, a reed leaf, two tasty loafs, and another two reed leaves. Or, it may be written with one foot, then one loaf, and then two reed leaves. Sam is simply a folded cloth, a vulture, and an owl. But by using the above agreed upon symbols, you will understand one another ? and that?s what language is! For the source of these great definitions, plus much more about hieroglyphics, consult Joseph and Lenore Scott?s Hieroglyphics for Fun, 1974. Web sites for hieroglyph pictures HYPERLINK "http://www.rom.on.ca/egypt/hiero/hiero.html" http://www.rom.on.ca/egypt/hiero/hiero.html and  HYPERLINK "http://members.aol.com/egyptnew/hiero.html" http://members.aol.com/egyptnew/hiero.html(c Susan L. Allen) Depression (November 1982) It?s almost time for finals. Papers due in two or three weeks are but musings in your mind?s spiral notebook. The excitement of a new school year has begun to wear thin in the late fall air. About this time of year, when the roommate who seemed so amusing in September has begun leaving dirty dishes under your bed and school turned out to be more work than you had planned, many students will become acquainted with one more feature of college life that is becoming more and more common in our modern world. And this is depression. Depression, even the ?clinical? kind, needn?t be devastating and certainly should not be embarrassing. But it can be serious and it should be recognized. All of us feel ?down? sometimes and we have learned ways to handle it ourselves. Maybe we need physical exercise to stay on top of our moods. Maybe we see a movie, have a snack, or call up a friend. But what if the cure doesn?t work? And it doesn?t for several days or weeks? No one knows exactly why depression is such a common malady these days but hospitals estimate that depression and other stress related illnesses account for a many as 50% of people who seek medical care, usually for other reasons. Clinical depression differs from ordinary low spirits in intensity and duration. Understanding Behavior, a series of books on mental health published by Columbia House in 1974, said moods can vary from persistent unhappiness to blackest despair. The sufferer?s mental functioning may be unimpaired and he or she may not even realize depression has begun to set in until he/she begins to feel extra tired and unable to concentrate. Well-meaning friends and family may say to cheer up or take hold but that is ?cruel advice?, the experts say, because that is just what the depressed person cannot do. ?Counting our blessings? or realizing other people are much worse off is no help either. These kinds of platitudes make no difference at all to the way the sufferer feels except to make him/her even more guilty, and the circle of depression widens. One thing that is known about depression is that, with or without treatment, it does get better in time. The trouble is that, for any one individual, it is impossible to predict how long the acute phase the illness will last. It could last three weeks and it could last over a period of years! The right treatment is likely to shorten the course of the depression, Columbia House authors said, and help to prevent its recurrence. But what is the right treatment? Not surprisingly opinions vary. At one extreme is the electric shock treatment (which seems to work in some cases) or drugs (which also work for some people) and at the other extreme is strict psychotherapy without physical treatment (which, of course, also works for some). The best advice is to see a professional with whom you feel comfortable to find out what can work for you. There are reports of people who have been seriously depressed for many years who have recently tried the new antidepressant drugs and begun to feel alive again within a matter of days. Experts agree that the first and in many ways the most difficult step is to recognize that you are in fact, depressed. ?Intelligent, sensitive and conscientious people are often vulnerable to this disorder, and they find it hard to see that their feeling are not realistic. They believe that they are not worthwhile people, that the world really is as black as it looks and consequently that there is no point in seeking help,? Columbia House said. Locating the deep-seated causes of depression takes time and isolating them may require the help of a professional psychiatrist or psychologist. But there are things an individual can do to help himself or herself. Ultimately, you are your own best helper anyway. First, tackle the physical symptoms. Get some rest and get on a good schedule. Whatever you decide to do next to alleviate your problems, don?t decide to ignore them. In the not too distant past people were so embarrassed or frightened by mental problems they refused to seek help. But, alas, we live in a more enlightened, if hectic, era. The earth didn?t turn out to be flat; evil spirits never did really fly into our mouths when we sneezed. And most people now know that mental problems are not a mark of disgrace. The university provides counseling help in the Center for Student Development, and in other departments as well. Or go talk to a doctor, pastor, or friend.(c Susan L. Allen) Christmas Giving (December 1982)Christmas is the time for giving. It is also the time for a striking contrast between two fundamental ways of approaching life: one dedicated to material possessions and property (Having) and one in which we have a ?pleasant? sufficiency of the means of life? but no more (Being); between want lists and more metaphysical aspirations. In a society where it often seems the purpose of life is to be born-buy things-and die, where college students are told to select a major that ?maximizes their marketability?; where MBA after LLD after MD graduates and proceeds to conduct their lives with just that in mind ? phrases like ?for what is a man advantaged, if he gains the whole world, and loses himself,? or ?in order to arrive at the highest stage of human development we must not crave possessions? seem to come from outer space. I suppose they do come from beyond, in a way. The first thought is from Jesus Christ, in whose memory we know Christmas, and the second is from the Buddha. It boggles the mind to think what either gentleman would think of a new-fashioned American Christmas. I know as I sit here there are solid, sane, and good people out there feeling worthless and ashamed because they can?t afford designer jeans and personal computers for their children?s Christmas this year. And, alternately, there are hundreds and thousands of so-called ?rich kids? (and adults) who would spend a million dollars for a sense of peace and belonging if it could be purchased and tied up with a bow. But most people have been bedazzled by the world of Having without giving much thought to alternatives. A need to Have is drawn into our cultural blueprint and defined as ?good? just as eating rattlesnake meat is drawn into and called ?bad?. We accept the custom and values associated with it without thought and call it natural. Erich Fromm, psychologist and author of popular woks such as The Art of Loving and Escape From Freedom, questions the good sense of our culture?s ?I Am the more I Have? definition of success, so encouraged in the elaborate Christmas-time advertising campaigns, in his book, To Have or To Be? Fromm believes we human beings struggle throughout life and history between basing personal worth on what we have and on what we are or can become. Furthermore, Fromm believes our culture has bought its way very far into the extreme end of the Having orientation. He believes money, fame and power have become the dominant themes of many of our lives and that our economic system has come to be guided not by what is good for the ?growth of the system.? Because of the sanctions built into our culture which support this kind of growth, the very qualities required of human beings to obtain it ? egotism, competitiveness, selfishness, greed ? are considered to be innate in ?normal? human beings. Societies and people in which these characteristics are not dominant are supposed to be ?primitive? or ?childlike.? This is not a unique assessment of our culture. Margaret Mead talked about our emphasis on ownership rather than being in the 1930?s; when she likened the American orientation to that of the Manus, of New Guinea. But as most of us have no way (or do not make the effort) to compare our worldview with others, we come to accept that we are told our values should be (by such notable authorities as mothers and fathers, schools, books, media, churches, traditions) as absolute. Of course the Having orientations has given us an abundant lifestyle and done immeasurable good. But it has also led us to our current preoccupation not only with acquiring material possessions but with either discrediting or dominating everything else in our world to do it. Most of the current haggling about destroying our environment (including air, oceans, lands and animals, as well as other cultures) for the sake of progress, in the industrially-defined sense, is based on this fundamental difference in world views: Are human beings (especially powerful Havers) set above to dominate? Or are human beings but a part of something larger? How do we know what to do? We can?t all stop taking business courses and study ecology and philosophy. And it would be dreadful to give up Christmas gifts. On the other hand, it seems patently clear that our extreme brand of wild-eyed consumerism and our propensity to squander our earth and its essential diversity is HAVING run amuck. Surely it is possible to Have what we think we need and still make the move to become more benign parts of our whole world.(c 1982 Susan L. Allen) New Years Resolution (February 1983) Two years ago my new year?s resolution was to ?say less and say it better.? Verbosity isn?t even one of my most noticeable weaknesses, as you are becoming aware, I do have trouble keeping my mouth shut on a paper. I have been known to literally sit on my hands to keep from writing nasty letters, fan letters, any kind of prose I absolutely knew would humiliate me later. Sometimes I win, sometimes my hands win. I made the same resolution again last year because, as with most of my other resolutions, I needed another shot at it. Last year, I had mild success. So that you will know from what depths this compulsion to write everything down comes, I will confess that I have kept what we used to call a diary but what people now call a journal for 20 years! I realize that 20 years ago is a prenatal memory for most of you, I was a freshman in high school at the time. And it seems, I had things to say that I didn?t want to say, out loud. For the last 10 years, I?ve written every single day, but for the first 10 years I kept a five-year diary. I like it because I could go back and see what I had been doing on that very day last year, and the year before and before. People came to rely on me for historical perspective, if on a fairly limited range of subjects. Those five-year diaries were, in fact, the place I first became aware of ?perspective.? I began to see threads of my life coming together and weaving around. People I though were critical to my existence one year were forgotten by the next. A guy I decided was a ?squirrel? (that was what we called ?square pegs? in 1964) 15 years later turned out to be a very nice wildlife biologist and the sexy, popular quarterback I was so crazy about ended up unhappy, mean, and driving a beer truck in Toledo. I saw that even the effects of real triumphs and tragedies, like landing on the moon, John Kennedy?s death, my first prom (which was a bit of both), all passed. Even wonderful things passed. I learned to appreciate time. Furthermore, writing down these events of my life somehow validated my existence. I knew I was alive and kicking when I had all of those pages filled to prove it. That may sound silly but, somehow, just putting the days down let me stay in touch with my reality. I had a firm rule never to lie to my book, and without thinking about it consciously, I learned to accept what had happened, avoid dwelling on it (or gloating about it), and go on. I learned in retrospect, time will roll on by and things that seem momentous now will be just another page in a book all too soon. I could see that my life contained all kinds of patterns; i.e., stages, ?passages,? and so forth. In fact, one thing journals do best is show you some of the pretty designs, and knots, in your historical time tapestry before you really have much of a history on a bigger scale. However, last year, I decided I was bored to tears with covering each detail of my life as though I were Admiral Byrd mushing through the snow, jotting down every thought until I dropped. I could get along another 20 years from now without knowing exactly which day I took my cat to the vet or exactly how enraged I was on several days in 1982 by James Watt and Phyllis Schlafly. So I stopped writing every day. For the past year I have written only when the spirit moved me. I still seem compelled to get down the important things ? so I can take a look at them, have some control over them (?), save them (?), at least forget them! But, then, I?ve also started writing this column. E.B. White, author of such beloved books as Charlotte?s Web and Stuart Little, also wrote thousands of letters and essays on the things of his life, on what he thought. He said, ?The essayist is a self-liberated man, sustained by the childish belief that everything he thinks about, everything that happens to him, is of general interest.? I blush to think of how true that is of everyone who has the gall to express themselves publicly. On January 1st, this year, I resolved to ?say less? period. Just shut up. I have spent my life reading column after column, opinion after opinion, and what has it gotten me? Words, words, words! I even admire the people who write some of them, like White, Ellen Goodman, Sydney Harris, and others whose profession is based on the silly idea that what they think is of ?general interest.? On New Year?s Day I decided we should all just do everyone a favor and keep our words to ourselves. Maybe it was an excess of holiday turkey and football that put me in such a foul mood. I realized this because, later, when I read The Mercury was finally going to start running Ellen Goodman?s column, I was thrilled. It?s fun to see the world through Goodman?s eyes! Besides, I thought, all of our freedoms and even some of our good times depend on learning (and sharing) varied points of view. That night, as I was starting to write all this down in y brand new 1983 journal, I looked back through the years and noticed I?d said most of it before?and that I?d always recovered. So, I resolved next year to ?say less and say it better? once again. I got up off my hands, wrote this first column of 1983, and felt lots better. (C 1983 Susan L. Allen) Women?s Religious Leaders (March 1983) Many women religious leaders have begun to take stands on issues addressed by feminism. There is now a women?s caucus at the Harvard Divinity School and some of the women attending Harvard, together with women from other theological institutions, wrote a book reflecting some concerns about sexism from their perspective as women in the church (Alice L. Hageman, ed., 1974). With Susan B. Anthony Week freshly in our minds, it might be a good time to take a look at an important point being made by these women. Beverly Harrison, associate professor of Christian Ethics at Union Theological Seminary, stated a common position when she said she believes it is a ?given? that our is a sexist society and that our churches are sexist. She said, further, that she assumes sexism is wrong and that we should act against it. ?I mean by sexism,? she said, ?an ethos and a value structure, and the formal and informal social patterns which support that ethos and value structure in our social world.? Harrison is recognizing sexism as something built into our cultural blueprint that is so pervasive we have not, until recently, even begun to see it. ?Formal patterns of sexism,? she said, ?are those institutionalized in law and procedural rules. Informal patterns are those sustained by customs and emotional preference.? Harrison has noticed something extremely important to our understanding of sexism, and it is that what some of us are beginning to evaluate as sexism, others explain as ?sex role differentiation.? The forces against change and growth for women say that what ?feminists? call sexism is ?nothing more than differentiation of social roles between male and female? and that such roles are as natural as breathing and as old as history. They maintain such roles are necessary to the functioning of the world. ?Societies?tolerate what they tolerate because it feels like it is functional to survival,? Harrison said. ?Change makes all of us feel insecure. But most societies actually do come apart, and as often as not they do so because they keep insisting that something is ?natural? or ?inevitable? or ?desirable? well past the point when what is done is any longer humanly tolerable, much less wise.? It doesn?t take a detective (or a feminist) to recognize that the accepted sex roles divide our world into parts, with the female world a considerably smaller place. Elizabeth Janeway has said that the concept ?world,? itself, is considered a man?s place. Women are defined by a restricted ?sphere? within the world. Harrison noted that the conformation of the sphere varies from society to society but, importantly, a woman?s ?place? is whatever sector of the man?s world a given society has carved out for her. It is always a ?place? and never ?world,? she said. Personal boundaries, meaning actual limits placed on mothers, sisters, and daughters everywhere, then, are defined by this map of social roles. The consequences of accepting the unlimited ?man?s world? and the severely limited ?woman?s place? are immense. To illustrate the limits placed on women, Harrison pointed to the contrasting terms used by society to denounce men and women who somehow deviate from the norms defined by society. Men and women both are criticized harshly by society when they do not adapt themselves to the ?norm.? Both men and women can be personally wounded by it. But, as Harrison notes, when a man is charged by society with being defective he is told he is not a ?man.? When a woman is charged by society with being defective she is told she is not ?feminine.? And that is a very different kind of charge. For a man, the charge is one of ?omission.? Somehow he has failed to go forth and meet the world as he ought to have done. For a female, the charge will most often arise because she has been guilty of a ?commission.? She will have said something she should not have said, done something she should not have done, aspired to something she should not be. He did not do; she did. ?In short, she has crossed that invisible but powerful boundary out of her territory,? Harrison said. ?The charge of being ?not feminine,? I submit, is aimed at thwarting initiative. It?s message is: ?Go back.?? Sigmund Freud said a long time ago that sexual differences were more fluid than most people recognized. He said real differences between human beings were based more on a scale from active to passive than from something innately male and something innately female. No one paid much attention to this observation because it strayed from well-entrenched attitudes. We went on ascribing active characteristics strictly to males and passive traits strictly to females, both unfairly. Although the characteristics we associate with the labels masculine and feminine are learned, activity has been thought of as a sign of ?disordered femininity? and passivity has been considered unmasculine. These are the kinds of mythological limitations ? and the social structures resulting from them ? that feminists reject. The Equal Rights Amendment is a tool. Activist Susan B. Anthony, is a symbol.(C 1983 Susan L. Allen) Latin Terms (April 1983) People are language-using creature par excellence. We may not all have the grammar rules down to the fine points and semicolons, but we do all learn at an early age how to shape an argument to suit our best interests. The problem is, because we are so adept at using language ? the vehicle of logic and reasoning ? it?s hard to tell a good factual argument from one that uses language to play tricks. And, what?s worse, other people play the tricks as well as we do. Misleading tricks of reasoning are called logical fallacies, and in the book Guides to Straight Thinking (Stuart Chase, 1956) a number of fallacies are presented that we all stumble over in our daily lives. We hear them, base conclusions on them and proceed to act on them just as though they made sense. We buy unnecessary gadgets, start fights, base fears, burn books, believe stereotypes. The point is not that the facts are wrong in every argument incorporating a logical fallacy. They may or may not be. The point is, regardless of the specific facts, the logic is bad and ? although the argument sounds correct ? conclusions should not be based on it. *?Over-generalizing,? (In Latin: secundum quid) means jumping to conclusions based on too few cases. You see a drunk on the street of a strange town. You see another. ?Nothing but drunks in this town!? you say. ?Kansas is flat.? ?Blacks are good athletes.? ?Men are ?? ?Women are?? *The ?thin entering wedge? is a special type of over-generalizing. Instead of dealing with the present or past, this type predicts ?large roomy conclusions on small scraps of fact.? Many common arguments take this form ? ?if you do not do or think as I do, disaster will surely follow.? ?If the U.S. tries to co-exist with Russia, Communism will sweep the earth?? There are four types of fallacy based on irrelevant conclusions (ignoratio elenchi, they?re called). *Ad hominem, or ?getting personal,? means forsaking the issue to attack the character of the person defending it. The attorney for the defense takes the floor and his partner hands him a note that sys, ?No case. Abuse the plaintiff?s attorney.? Chappaquiddick innuendos about Ted Kennedy. Clumsy jokes about Gerald Ford. ?That referee is a bum!? *Ad populum, means to appeal to the sentiments of the crowd. It is the fallacy that distorts an issue with mass prejudices. It includes all of the stereotypical notions that tug at our emotions and range from declarations of war to the Lawrence Welk show. Every society and subgroup within it have popular myths and credos. Politicians, advertisers, and lots of other people shape their arguments around them. *Ad baculum is an appeal to fear. Examples abound: ?Bussing will lead to interracial marriage.? The ERA will send your daughter to war.? ?Smoking will kill you.? *Ad verecundiam is an appeal to revered authority or to convention. ?Nine out of ten doctors say?? ?Your father says?? ?The Bible says?? ?It has always been this way?? *A subclass of ad verecundiam popular in America is ?figures prove.? Chase tells the story of a roadside merchant who as asked how he could sell rabbit sandwiches so cheaply. He replied, ?Well, I put in some horse meat but I mix them strictly fifty-fifty: One horse and one rabbit.? Statistics and numbers can be used to ?prove? anything. *Tu quoque, literally means ?Thou also? and is used to say, ?my point may be bad but yours is just as bad.? It will not announce itself directly, however. Lots of arguments that make you shake your head and wonder what you missed are of this type. ?Okay, maybe acid rain is killing us but large chemical companies are what make America great.? Tu quoque is the launching of an irrelevant counterattack. *Post hoc ergo propter hoc is popularly used fallacy that plays on our fetish for finding a definite reason for everything. It says literally, ?after this, therefore because of this,? or, if event B comes after event A, it can be assumed to be the result of A. A rooster observes that after he crows the sun comes up and concludes his crowing causes the sun to rise. Sounds easy to recognize, doesn?t it? Try this: ?Mom got herself out of the nursery and the kitchen. She then got out of the house. She also got herself the vote?The damage she forthwith did to society was so enormous and so rapid that the best men lost track of things? (quoted in Nancy Reeves, 1982). Many social issues are explained away with post hoc ergo propter hoc. *?False analogies? occur when someone says, ?this situation is exactly like that situation? ? but it isn?t. *Petitio principii, or ?begging the question? embraces the concept circulus in probando, which means to argue in circles. It is an argument that uses a conclusion to prove itself. (?It must be true because it says so itself.?) It can be as short as one word like ?un-American? (?he is un-American if he behaves like this/he behaves like this therefore he is un-American?) or as complex as this: ?Men are made in the image of God; women are no men; therefore women are not God-like.? Or: ?how do you know the Bible (or the Koran, etc) is infallible?? ?Because God said so.? ?How do you know God said so?? ?Because I read it in the Bible.? In a circular argument the premise assumes the thing it claims to prove. *Self-evident Truths? are used to try to win an argument by saying ?everybody knows it is so.? Watch out for phrases like, ?Everybody know?? ?Obviously?? ?All intelligent people think?? Many proverbs are of this type. *?Black and White? arguments deny shades of gray. Because so many people are uncomfortable with in-between relationships and ambiguous ideas, they, like debaters, tend to take absolute positions. This OR that. Right OR wrong. Good OR bad. Luckily, life isn?t that tidy. *?Guilt by Association? is the old ?he walks like a duck and talks like a duck ? he must be a duck? fallacy. ?McCarthyism? was built on this fallacy: ?All Communists favor public housing. Writer X favors public housing. Therefore, Writer X is a Communist.? There are other logical fallacies, having to do with inaccurate facts, words or inferences. Beware. George Bernard Shaw said people tend to use their logic to support their prejudices and Francis Bacon warned, ?In general, let every student of nature take this as a rule, that whatever his mind seizes and dwells upon with particular satisfaction is to be held in suspicion.? (C 1983 Susan L. Allen) Anyone For Doubleheaders? (May 1983) Something of a brouhaha in the Kansas State University sports world occurred in late 1975 when the then KSU women?s basketball coach Judy Ackers suggested the possibility of men?s and women?s basketball double headers. The idea was ?dismissed out of hand,? according to columnist Dan Lauck in a report of the incident for The Wichita Eagle and Beacon (November 9, 1975). There were public reasons for the ?no,? he said, but the real reason was that ?neither Hartman nor Barrett (Athletic Director) nor Rothermel (Assistant AD) nor anyone else in the men?s athletic department wants to begin playing doubleheaders with women. ?That indicates a hint of equality, and men?s and women?s programs are miles from equality. ?K-State?s basketball tradition is too rich and too proud for them to lower themselves to doubleheaders with the women. They?d sooner have Rocky the Flying Squirrel as the preliminary.? ?Maybe I?m na?ve,? Ackers puzzled afterwards, ?but I really thought they would play a doubleheader.? In 1975 maybe she was na?ve. But, then, those early storm troupers had to be a little na?ve to get anywhere. That argument took place over eight years ago when the notion of parity for women?s sports was unthinkable to most. Attitudes that Lauck eluded to have changed. The current KSU sports and administrative regimes certainly support our women?s teams. Hardly anything today is the same as it used to be. I guess that may be good or bad depending on your point of view. But, if there has ever been a good example of the good side of this observation, today?s version of women?s basketball must be it. It?s certainly not what it used to be ? and it?s best seems yet to come. I think what impresses me the most about the current level of play is that women have become so thoroughly adapted to a game meant for big men. The size of the court was designed with men in mind; the basket is set at the same height for 6?10 ?? Les Craft as it is for 5?5? Priscilla Gary; even the basketball itself, that looks lie a grapefruit in the hands of most male players is the same ball used by the women. Yet, women are scoring 70 and 80 points a game. In one game this year the Lady ?Cats scored 104 points! This high scoring is not being accomplished with the opposing teams napping on the sidelines either. Even the defense is good. I played high school basketball in the 1960?s and, at that time, less than 20 short years ago, we though we were stars if we scored 30 points in a game. I mean all five of us together. It?s safe to say women?s basketball was a much slower game then. Only one woman per team was allowed to play full-court. She was called a ?rover.? The rest of the forwards had to wait for the game at the half-court line; a rule destined to rein in any teams fast break. There were a couple of other things that were different back then. We had absolutely no support. No one but an occasional mom came to watch us play. Most of our parents and friends thought we were seriously eccentric for wanting to play at all. Our team couldn?t play outside the city because there was no money. Most people still thought strenuous activity was bad for the reproductive system and, as a result, it was considered ?unladylike? to move fast. I was in a research study during a high school P.E. class to help determine the true effect of activity on the female person. The ?C? group, most of who considered themselves to be very fortunate, barely exercised at all. The ?B? group exercised on all days except during their menstrual periods. They called out ?M? and sat out the hour on the sidelines. The ?A? group exercised all of the time. My own good fortune to be in the ?A? group probably changed my life. And the study undoubtedly helped change a good many other lives. Women in ?A? groups throughout the nation thrived. The other difference between today and 20 years ago is Title IX. Title IX was roundly criticized by sports-loving folks everywhere because it ?took money from the fun-to-watch, money-making boys teams and gave it to the dumb-boring girls teams.? Fortunately, the women athletes, themselves, did not believe this nonsense. And, alas with slowly building support, women?s sports have evolved to a point where even many of the diehard traditionalists are impressed. During the 1983 NCAA finals, the Louisiana Tech Athletic Director was asked how his school developed such a fine women?s basketball program so quickly. He said in order to have good sports programs of any kind you have to have ?support from the top.? The Louisiana Tech president decided several years ago he wanted the school to have a women?s basketball program that was competitive nationally, the AD said. He budgeted the necessary monies. He got behind the program. And Louisiana Tech rapidly became a powerhouse in women?s basketball. The AD also said (by the way) that at Louisiana Tech they like men?s and women?s basketball double-headers. In fact, many schools do. The entire Big 8, with the exception of KSU, also plays doubleheaders. They can because they do not play Junior Varsity games before the regular game. Because of this their men?s and women?s schedules largely coincide, and the women?s teams don?t run into the kinds of patchwork scheduling problems that sometimes have them playing on Wednesday, traveling on Thursday, and playing again on Friday. We are fortunate to have one of the most outstanding women?s basketball teams in the country at Kansas State. They have finished in the to p16 teams for the past two years. Coach Lynn Hickey is on all of ?the best coach? rosters. Assistant coaches Sally Anthony and Eileen Feeney are notable in their own right. Senior Priscilla Gary was named all-American this year, an honor that goes to the best 10 women?s basketball players in the nation. Angie Bonner, Tina Dixon, Barbara Gilmore, Cassandra Jones, Jennifer Jones, Karen Franklin, and the rest of the (almost all returning!) Lady ?Cats had terrific seasons. And, still, they have achieved their excellence without much support from us. The Lady ?Cats team deserves our support. Maybe doubleheaders are a good way to show it and maybe they aren?t. Dick Towers, KSU Athletic Director, pointed out a couple of logistics problems with doubleheaders: one, K-State?s Junior Varsity now plays before regular games; and two, even if the women did play first, it would be impractical to clear the field house between games to separate people holding only women?s tickets from the men?s game season ticket holders. ?Ahearn is sold out for men?s games,? Towers said, ?so some people interested in the women?s games might not be able to get in if one ticket covers both games.? Because of these problems the current position of the Athletic Department is to keep men?s and women?s games on separate nights and to support the women?s efforts through promotion, lower ticket pricing, and financial support for recruiting and for attracting big-name women?s teams to town. The problem, which most concerns the women?s basketball program, is the one that might keep some of their sizeable and growing following out of the games. Because Ahearn is sold out, season ticket holders would have first chance at the tickets, making it doubtful that all supporters of the women?s team could get inside. If this problem could be solved, the women?s team would not be adverse to playing some doubleheaders. Perhaps a doubleheader or two over Christmas break, when tickets are sold separately anyway, would help introduce the Lady ?Cats to more people. Playing on the same bill may turn out to be a good idea and maybe it won?t. I do know that the 11 or 12 thousand fans crowded into Ahearn for a big game ? who think they love K-State basketball now ? would be mighty entertained by the ?preliminary.?(C 1983 Susan L. Allen) Available: Rooms w/View (October 1983) Alliance ? An Ethnic Newspaper at KSU, published by the Office of Minority Affairs, begins its fifth year of publication this fall, third under its present editor. It is produced primarily for K-State?s ethnic minority students, faculty and staff. We have a growing off-camps audience, however, and for the past two years have tried to include news and ideas that serve not only ethnic minorities by anyone interested in broadening their view of the world. We want to offer alternative perspectives on the community and on ideas. Although our coverage is limited by our budget ? to four or eight pages once a month during the academic year ? we want to keep growing as we can. One way to do this is to attract more writers who will contribute materials that are sensitive to our purpose. We use stories about minority people, occasions, concerns, points of view, and so forth. This means U.S. ethnic minority students, faculty, staff and community members, primarily; but it also means people and happenings from anywhere and about anything that would be of interest to these groups and/or serve to broaden any of our given frames of reference. ?Pardon him, Theodotus: he is a barbarian and thinks that the customs of his tribe and island are the laws of nature.?-George Bernard Shaw Words like frames of reference and perspective sound complicated, but they?re not. They simply mean that everything we see and believe and value depends on our learned view of the world. As the Sesame Street song goes, how we see and what we see depends on ?where we put our eyes.? We all have a worldview; within one culture we share many parts of it with others (within subcultures we share more, within families even more, etc.); we name what we see reality; and we proceed to live as if our ideas were not just the best way to see the world but often the only way. Lots of people believe there is only one perspective available ? their own. And, the problem that presents for the rest of us is that is an increasingly dangerous attitude in our present and future, ever more interdependent, world. We all need to open our eyes and take a bigger look around for our own well-being as well as everyone else?s. And that is what perspective means. Media anthropology is the rather awkward name of a new profession whose purpose is to apply the concepts of anthropology to information and to disseminate the information to the general public. A few people have ?done? media anthropology for years (poets, playwrights, Zen monks, physicists, and Margaret Mead among them) but there has never been a direct and purposeful movement devoted to the notion. It?s a relatively new need. There are many many ways to try to do it. Newspapers reach most people and could reach many more if they would broaden their appeal. They are concrete. You can pick them up and look at them. You can go back to them later and discuss them. You can validate your activities/your reality with them.Alliance is a very small, very beginning model of a newspaper trying to practice media anthropology by exposing people to alternative perspectives. The skill of perspective can be learned. And, once acquired, it can overlay all other information helping us make better decisions about it. But to learn perspective we need to realize that we have one. We need to be aware we are, each and every one of us, born into something akin to an old three-story house with lots of window. The shades are drawn on all the windows except one and we are born looking out of this one window. Past our window march all philosophies, beliefs, values, attitudes, our education, our reality ? our world view. Without a conscious effort to get up and move, we could sit and look at life through that one window forever. Learning a more holistic perspective does not mean dragging yet another dogma past the one open window?it means acquiring the one tiny insight that would cause you to get up and go open more windows. Writers may be able to accomplish, and share, a perspective by exposing people to cultural attitudes or events other than their own; they may be able to awaken it by giving a glimpse into the structure or function of one?s own culture, universe, or mind. Comparison, connection, pattern, irony, paradox?many methods may be used to try to share a broader perspective; they may be able to provide the catalyst that would cause someone to try to obtain one. We begin where we can: simply by making available, by exposing, by sharing the thoughts, the activities, the lives of people who occupy worlds that may not be familiar to us. This at least helps us realize other legitimate ways of seeing do exist. That is a start.WHAT DO I DO MONDAY? Alliance makes available information about activities and people who are not regularly considered by the established press. Our primary audience and content come from the Black, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and American Indian communities. As you all know, race and ethnicity are not the only sources of ?otherness?. If you know of a story about any person or view that contributes to perspective, we may be interested. If you want to write for Alliance, or if you know of information, which may be useful to it, call Susan Allen, Alliance editor, at 532-6436 or drop by Holton Hall, second floor. Past issues may be seen there.(C 1983 by Susan L. Allen) What?s A ?Real Person?? (November 1983) There are some faddish, popular books around telling us what ?real men? and ?real women? are or are not. ?Real men don?t eat quiche?, ?Real women? don?t do this and that. Some of the responses and spin-offs on this theme are really very funny, and recognition of individual traits or group traits can be flattering. Ridden not so deep within these kinds of jokes, however, are the germs of bigotry, prejudice, and more reactionary kinds of name calling that aren?t so funny. CBS commentator and newsman Charles Osgood, wrote about a friend of his who had been assigned an English theme on the subject ?What is a real man?? or ?What is a real woman?? ?So what is a real man and what is a real woman?? she asked Osgood. ?As opposed, to what?? he said. ?I don?t know, as opposed to unreal men and women, I suppose,? she said. I am sure the student expected some light, funny answers from a man whose recent book is called Nothing Could be Finer Than a Crisis That is Minor in the Morning. Osgood is a witty man who almost always sees something humorous in daily life, but he seems to have thought this a serious subject. ?Let?s start with the assumption that reality is that which is, as opposed to that which somebody would like, or something that is imagined or idealized,? he said. ?Let?s assume that all human beings who are alive, therefore, are real human beings, who can be divided into two categories: real men and real women. A man who exists is a real man. His reality is in no way lessened by his race, his nationality, political affiliation, financial status, religious persuasion or personal proclivities. All men are real men. All women are real women.? The first thing you do if you want to destroy somebody is to rob him of his humanity,? Osgood told the student. ?IF you can persuade yourself that someone is a gook and therefore not a real person, you can kill him rather more easily, burn down his home, separate him from his family. IF you can persuade yourself that someone is not really a person but a spade, a Wasp, a kike, a wop, a mick, a fag, a dike, and therefore not a real man or woman, you can more easily hate and hurt him.? It is said that the most universal form of bias is that people favor their own group at the expense of some other group, be it a gender, an ethnic group, a nationality, a profession or ?class?. This is another way of defining who are real people and who are not. An anonymous editorial writer for The New Yorker magazine observed that ?the most enduring cause of the organized violence we call war is not ideology or greed or politics but the potent mixture of fear and allegiance which breeds intense rivalries?rivalries of this kind have a life of their own, independent of the particular issues that may bring them to the surface at a given moment (?Notes and Comments,? February 2, 1976). Warring groups are not the only people who display the kind of intergoup bias, for which name-calling is symptomatic. ?It is a fair working hypothesis to say that any time any two groups are aware of one another?s existence there is a potential for some sort of bias and the possibility for discriminatory behavior ranging form mild disdain to open warfare,? said D.W. Rajecki in his book on attitudes. Because of this, finding the cause of bias ? the basis for fearing and drawing lines between groups of real people become an urgent matter that social science types continue to explore. They are so intertwined within daily life it is difficult to isolate the causes of bias but three factors to be aware of are competition, mutual frustration, and shared fate or, similarly, ingroup/outgroup categorization. Competition occurs when at least two individuals or groups seek the same goal, be it acknowledgement, a prize, supremacy, profit, or the top spot in Uncle Henry?s will. (People so believe in the game-theory scoring idea of zero-sum gain ? that is, if I win you lose and vice versa ? they fail to consider realistic options that allow both ?sides? to win.) Mutual frustration is the possible outcome when two or more parties have different goals, but each has the capability to block the other?s achievement of it. If one group wants to sell whale blubber for lipstick and lamp oil and another group wants so save the whale, mutual frustration may occur. If you like loud music and I like a quiet apartment, the frustration of one of us may lead to the frustration of the other. Shared fate is a source of bias which can appear even when competition or mutual frustration do not. It develops within groups who perceive themselves to have something in common when compared with everyone else. They?re ?in the same boat?. They have become an ?in group? of ?real people,? ?real Americans?, or real something else instead of part of that ?out group? of ?foreigners? or any one of a million another names used to cast out. Of course some distinctiveness is both real and necessary and has its place. Every person needs to maintain a sense of self; for psychological well being we need to differentiate ourselves from everyone else. And group or social ?Solidarity? is also necessary to a degree. The fact is that people are different from one another in many ways, and societies or groups who recognize this as a positive situation and successfully assimilate the diversity also benefit from the hybrid vigor. But, unfortunately, these real differences as well as all of the imagined ones are also at the base of much prejudice between groups. We usually think of these forms of bias in terms of stereotypes. A stereotype is an attitude or a standardized conception, which occurs when we ascribe a feature, which exists for a subset of some group to any member of that group. It usually happens because we simply don?t know any better. We can?t personally know each and every Arab or Jewish mother, or football player, so we are susceptible to such stereotyping. It is a sad fact that the mental picture one group has of another often demeans or disparages the ?other? group. ?People who go around making rules, setting standards that other people are supposed to meet in order to qualify as real, are real pains in the neck,? Osgood said, ?and worse they are real threats to the to the rest of us. They use their own definition of real and unreal to filter out unpleasant facts. To them, things like drugs, decay, pollution, slums, etc., are not real America. In the same way, they can look at a man and say he is not a real man because he doesn?t give a hang about pro football and would rather chase butterflies than a golf ball; or they can look at a woman and say she is not a real woman because she drives a cab or would rather change the world than change diapers,? he said. ?To say that someone is not a real man or woman is to say that they are something less than, and therefore not entitled to the same consideration as, real people. Therefore,? he said to his student friend, ?contained in the questions ?what is a real man?? and ?What is a real woman?? are the seeds of discrimination and of murders, big and little. Each of us has his own reality, and nobody has the right to limit or qualify that ? not even English composition instructors.? (C 1983 Susan L. Allen) Happy New Year 1984 ?Let?s Hear it for 2001! (December 1983) In September, I went to my grandpa Allen?s 92nd birthday party in Wichita and happened to sit at the dinner table with a 21-year-old cousin I rarely see and his fianc?e. They are planning a December 31 wedding and when they told me the date, I said, ?ah, Ha! I wonder how it will feel to begin married life on January 1, 1984?!? I though the comment would at least elicit a grimace and a ?well, we didn?t want to wait to get married a whole year just to avoid 1984.? But there was nothing on their faces except a bewildered smile and glance to one another that told me they had no idea what I was talking about and wished they?d sat someplace else. I?ll tell you the truth, I was shocked. I?m still dumbfounded that the 14 years between our ages has erased any recognition of the ? dum, da, dum, dum, shake in your boots, pull down the shutters, booga, booga, one and only scariest year of the future: 1984! An entire generation, and more, dreaded 1984 and when finally it is upon us, the shiny new adults haven?t even heard of it! For those of you who may also be unfamiliar with 1984, I will say briefly that it is a book by George Orwell, published in 1949, about the future year 1984. It was written as a warning about the potential destruction of the human spirit by a totalitarian state. 1984 contained a complete, imagined world, including a new language, that to our minds would be a nightmare; and Orwell made it seem actual, ordinary, and possible. Few, if any, novels written in this century have made a greater impact on politics as that of George Orwell?s 1984, a reviewer said. The title, itself, is a political byword. ?Orwellian? is a code used to warn against a particularly dreadful lapse in liberty. Terms coined by Orwell like ?Big Brother,? ?Newspeak,? ?doublethink,? ?Ministry of Truth,? and so on have entered our vocabulary. In fact, Walter Cronkite wrote in the introduction to a new edition of 1984 that one reason it failed as prophesy is because it was such a good warning. However, he adds, the warning is as pertinent today as it ever was and we are reminded all too often of that by one ?Big Brother? or another: Stalin, Hitler, Khomeini. One critic of 1984 said, ?Perhaps every age needs its on nightmare, and 1984 is ours. It is a nightmare peculiar to our time, for only in this century has totalitarianism become an actuality, and thus a subject for the human imagination: only where there were boots in human faces, could one imagine a boot stamping on a human face ? forever.? Another said, ?Nineteen Eighty-Four is a book that goes through the reader like an east wind, cracking the skin, opening sores; hope has died in Mr. Orwell?s wintry mind, and only pain is known.? Surely the dethroning of such a monumental horror story must be telling us something. The only explanation I can come up with is that prophesy must be meant for the people of the author?s era, so there is still time to plan, to fight to avoid the imagined, possible, evil. Maybe my cousin?s generation sees so many daily crises on television that old books like 1984 seem mild by comparison. And it seems almost too obvious for words that Orwell?s warnings about destruction of the human spirit, even his infamous ?Room 101,? which contained each person?s own private terror, pale beside our current nuclear nightmare, as depicted in the film, ?The Day After.? ?The Day After? didn?t dilly-dally with the destruction of trifles like liberty or spirit; ?The Day After? warns us about destruction of the human race ? of life as we know it; a fate even Orwell could not imagine. Faith is generally thought of as a belief that is not based on proof. I think faith must include even the half-skeptical, wild-and-leaping hope that the Natural Universe in the end will be stronger than any one of it s parts; and the ?part? I?m referring got now is the human part: the only known threat to the Earthly system, as a whole. If we think our body as a miniature analogy of the whole world, our brain would play the part of human beings within it. Maybe that?s giving people too much predominance, but we humans are in fact blessed or cursed with the power to guide the rest of the known system just as a brain guides our body. We can tend the garden or destroy it.The body, like the universe as a whole, is an awesome system. The detail in it alone would boggle the world?s most advance computer. And, yet, our tiny three-pound brain can override the whole rest of the body if it decides to do so. It can take this miracle machine out on New Year?s Eve, pollute it, even run it into a tree and kill it, from sheer stupidity. Humans can do the same to the world.Maybe books like 1984 and films like the ?The Day After? are like cold water in our face or a mysterious signal from somewhere in the larger system, urging us to take better care of our world. All of us, and all of us, together are vulnerable to the folly of the human brain.I hope our fears of a nuclear nightmare can be as quickly eased as those expressed in 1984. We can?t overlook either warning but, in the future, let?s hope our kids can at least get back to worrying about something les than complete destruction.I can picture one future scene now: my cousin and his wife, both of them 38-years-old, are sitting at a gathering with a still younger cousin (it will probably be my grandfather?s 119th birthday party). The younger person will mention he or she is going for a motorcycle trip through the Redwoods beginning January 1, 2001, and the older folks will giggle and say, ?Ha! I?ll bet you thought you?d be zapping your self between planets on a Jedi cycle by now didn?t you?? The id will smile politely and slip off to another table. (C 1983 Susan L. Allen) Who Says So? (February 1984)A friend of mine has worked with the student senate at a large university for many years and she told me recently that the biggest difference she sees between today?s students and those 15 to 20 years ago is that today?s kids seem so much more ?sure.? Present an issue and they know what?s right: right is right.It was at least a fledgling value in the 60s and 70s to be open and experimental, she thought. Today?s students seem to think a decided mind is okay. There is an air of acceptance for conservatism.?How do they handle controversial issues?? I asked her. ?I?m not even sure if they?d recognize a controversy,? she said. ?They seem to be aware of only one side.?I think that is amazing because my own frequent reaction to authoritative pronouncements these days seems to be either complete cynicism or something like; ?but you said,? or ?yes, but I thought.? I know I?m not the only one who reacts this way. A few weeks ago Erma Bombeck was railing in her newspaper column about how everyone had told her to do sit-ups one certain way all of her life and that, now, people are saying, ?no, no, that way hurts your back; do them this way.? Bombeck said she is really going to be mad if, in a few years, the experts decide that flossing her teeth hadn?t been necessary after all. Who do you believe anymore? Where do you get your answers? For the first several thousand years human beings lived ? before countries, before Christ, before even writing or plows or towns ? we don?t know who people looked to for their answers. As societies evolved they became wealthy enough to feed a few people whose only job was to think about the universe. They named these people religious experts, and everyone began believing them. In more recent years, as science developed, it slowly began replacing mystical interpretation as Primary Authority. Undoubtedly, some of the impetus for the present right-wing, fundamentalist backlash ? such as we are seeing in Texas where many are opting for the explanations of creationsm over those of science ? is that our society may have gone a little overboard in its trust of what someone called the ?Church of Reason.? Western cultures had come to believe in a specific package of scientific knowledge as absolute and had come to worship the scientific method. Lately, we are hearing news reports such as these: ?two-thirds of the over-the-counter pills either don?t work or are actually harmful,? or renowned psychologist Abraham Maslow?s ideas about human needs are ?upside down.? We have failures at nuclear power plants, our Pintos blow up, baby toys aren?t safe. In short, we have begun to realize the science of our past didn?t have all of the answers any more than did the religion of our past ? and many people find that terribly frightening. What?s left? Fifty or sixty years ago Albert Einstein and others learned things about moving through time and space (i.e., living ) that shook the orthodox understanding of the universe. The ideas from this ?new physics? are just now making their way into our daily lives, and they?re shaking us up. They are forcing us to realize the world is too complex to be understood by using exclusive concepts like classic or romantic, intellectual or emotional; or explained by flower children or whiz kids. The perceptions of reality on which we have based our understanding of life ? up and down, mind and matter, beginning and end, time and space, masculine and feminine, as well as our notions of ?science? and ?religion,? themselves, are too small, and they are being redefined. In reaction, what we see today are groups of people grasping here and there ? like to Creationism or anywhere that looks definite ? for definite answers. Partly because of the uncertainty around them, people are fighting desperately to salvage a reality and a way of life that had been carefully built upon a plot assigned by ancient experts. I think this reaction is what my friend in student senate is seeing as ?sureness.? In my opinion, we are experiencing yet another swing of the pendulum toward a better balance in our beliefs between things scientific and things meta-physical. Lots of people are talking and writing about this these days ? in concepts ranging from the biochemistry of the left and right brain to popularized inquiries into values such as those expressed in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle maintenance. It is hard to grasp that we are living at a time in the history of the world when changes are occurring in our perceptions of reality that are so drastic as those stimulated by the industrial revolution. But history is process and we?re still in it. What some people are beginning to see is that beliefs, any beliefs, including those we learn from religion and science, heritage or experience, intuition or reason, are all transitory and evolutionary. Did you know there is sea salt on top of Mount Everest? Remember in grade school, learning the order of the planets in the solar system from the sun outward: Mercury, Venus, Earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto? Have you heard that Neptune and Pluto have exchanged places for a few years? Whole civilizations sit on something like glaciers of beliefs, accepting what?s underneath them as real and true; but through time, the beliefs and the people who embody them slowly creep off somewhere else. No one on the glacier can see beyond it because, at the time, the beliefs: in superstitions, in medical science, in experts, in flossing one?s teeth, seem to be solidly under one?s hind end. They have the feel of reality. Because of my place in history, I inherited a certain seat on the glacier and, hard as I may try to ?get a broader perspective,? it is virtually impossible to see through some of the misinterpretations of reality that are simply a part of my time. What is vital is that I am aware of what is happening ? and know change doesn?t mean disaster. I have to know that, beliefs and the values based upon them are likely to creep off somewhere, and keep myself flexible enough to evolve with them. I think that?s part of what we realized in the 60?s and 70?s. It is said that people who are married to the spirit of the times (including those of the 60?s and 70?s, I admit) are destined to become widows in the next age. Ages, however, used to mean centuries. Today, ages can mean day after tomorrow. Maintaining stable expectations ? a solid trust about what life will bring ? while remaining flexible enough to adopt to change is one of the greatest challenges of our high-speed time. Planning Ahead (March 1984)In the early days, even up until not so very long ago, Rip van Winkle could have slept for years and woken up in a familiar world. Today, if you catch more than a fast nap, you have missed the latest dance, education theory, or some future-altering event. Arthur C. Clarke, author of 2001 ? A space Odyssey, noted in the early 1960?s that ?the future isn?t what it used to be?. That recognition reflected an entire new view of time and change. Clarke?s observation contained in it the realization that so-called primitive societies and pre-industrial societies continually look forward to a future which is essentially a repeat of the past. Before the industrial revolution in this country, and in much of the world sill, only seasonal and cyclical changes were present. The cycles repeated themselves, and repeated themselves through the generations. In the middle ages, people began to perceive slow, glacial change. They thought the world might change someday probably ?in town? or in other countries. Then about 1950, the notion of rapid change came along, blasting us into the 1960?s. Rapid change meant lots of differences were suddenly occurring in a short time. A Britisher named Edward Debono observed that for most of human history one idea (a tool, a method, a system) spanned many generations. Changes in and from the idea spread slowly. Our great grandparents did basically the same things over and over throughout the year and throughout their lives; grandparents less so; parents even less so. But with the post-World War II babies an historical flip-flop took place: one person began to outlive one idea. It is now possible to perceive several ways of doing or thinking the same thing in the course of one life time. Now, one person has to handle change from within.Like traveling in a speeding car, the faster we go the earlier we need to know where we are and where we?re going in order to survive. But the need to consider the future in our planning is still so new to us that most of the time we still find ourselves able only to react to crises we didn?t anticipate. This is as true for big-time government officials as it is for you and me (probably more true). Some of the most transferable bits of information I learned in school came from a course on futurism taught by Dr. William Conboy. Modern futurists such as Conboy say: an examined future is better than an ignored one; an anticipated future is better than an unexpected one; an intentional future is better than an accidental one; and alternative futures are better than a singular one. Futurists have isolated several fundamental changes in a modern world that demands us to look at the future in a different, more direct way. They are all preceded by the word MORE:Speed of Change: This is the speeding car analogy. The faster we go, the earlier we need to know where we are and where we are going so we will be able to predict, prepare, adjust, adapt, or revise our course. Today we are moving at super fast rates. Quantity of Change: Technologically, there have been more things produced in the last 50 years than in the previous 5,000 years. It follows that the more things and ideas that exist, the more difficult will be the interpretation and the more demanding will be our choices about them. If in the year 1 A.D., the amount of information can be said to have been equal to ?1?, for example, it took until the year 1750 A.D. for that amount of information to double. The next doubling took place around 1900 A.D. and the next 50 years later, in 1950. Just ten years later, in 1960, it doubled again, then, 1963, in only three years, it had doubled again. The leap in the amount of information currently available boggles the imagination. Experts think 1920 was near the critical cross-over point, after which it became impossible to keep up with knowledge, even within one given field. An English professor once told me that writer John Hilton (1608-1674 A.D.) was the last know person in the world who had read everything available in every subject. The problem our modern information glut creates is that although there is more of it, we know a smaller percentage of it. With the great avalanche of information, things, people, ideas now available, the patterns within it which we need to discern any meaning on a personal level are harder to see and, yet, it is more and more important that we look for them, and look ahead, so we can have a voice in where we?re being swept along. . . Complexity: We are involved in bigger and more complex systems than we used to be. Imagine, for example, what would happen to our lives if big systems like the electric company or the phone company or the water company all of a sudden shut down. We are inextricably linked within systems ? including other people and countries ? which grow more complex all of the time. Our level of interdependence within the world is analogous to a hospital patient hooked up to a room full of ?life support? systems. The science of ecology came along in the 1970 to teach us that inside our world there is no independent act. You can?t do just one thing. Power: Power can be put to both negative and positive purposes. Power in the sense of human capability means we can do awesome, incredible things. All of the resources and energy that were channeled into getting us to the moon and all of the personal energy that runs marathons and even writes poems can be tapped into for any purpose. Think of the potential human energy idle within us all. The power is there; studying the consequences of its uses is vital. Momentum: Maybe we are now at a stage of social and technical advance where we have taken away the reverse gear. At forks in the road we used to be able to try one, go back, and try another one. But big things moving fast are hard to reverse. We have to plan ahead. Etc.: There are all kinds of variables that exist in the world demanding that we consider the future in our planning. Maybe the Star Wars generation somehow knows this by osmosis. I hope so because for all of these reasons and more we can no longer afford to ignore it. This means, for one thing, we have to make our elected decision-makers aware we will no longer blindly agree to short-sighted ?campaign? solutions. Shifting Cheers (April/May 1984)Part 1 Last summer, several hundred high school girls were on the KSU campus for a cheerleading workshop and I?m still analyzing my reaction to them. They were cute. They were outside, working up a sweat, exercising. They were behaving in a positive and civil manner. Why did I flinch, just a little, when I stopped to listen to them learning to cheer the boys on? For that matter, why do I get mad at my mother every time she tries to give me the book, How to dress for Success? After all, it is only trying ?to help women succeed.? And, after all, the young cheerleaders are succeeding in a way. Sometimes being angry with what appears to be ?reality? is confusing. It is challenge enough to try to correct specific injustices: equal pay, rape, the erasure of women from history ? without taking on ?the patriarchy en bloc,? as poet and feminist theorist, Adrienne Rich, calls it. But, what if our passive consent to ?reality? here and there (?because that particular thing doesn?t oppress ME,? ?because no one thing is so important?) invisibly supports a system of values that continues to degrade women? What I wonder about are the multitude of things that occur traditionally, naturally, regularly in our lives for which many women, and some men, are beginning to say, ?Well, I don?t like it but that?s the way the world IS, and we have to live in the world.? Most of these things we don?t notice, of course, because they are after all, ?natural.? But I speculate that they all somehow connect to confirming passive, support status in women and aggressive leadership status in men:Cheerleading vs. FootballWhat we Westerners have named ?reality? (in fairness, what for the most part white, wealthy men have named reality) has been arbitrarily split into this kind of dualistic (spirit/matter, either/or) pattern of perceiving the world: feminine/masculine, passive/active, submission/aggression, nurture/violence - - all of which are terribly out of balance because, for one thing, all of the support roles have been assigned to women, and men have all the power. It is a masculine voice that pronounces the agendas, and the boundaries, and the guidelines. Because of the civil rights movement, the women?s movement, and a more inclusive liberation philosophy generated ruing the 60?s and 70?s more and more people are beginning to be sensitized to certain specific dangers and injustices that are the result of patriarchal power: they are able to see women being left out of the Constitution, the government, the jobs (the very fact that we can all name Nancy Kassebaum, Sandra O?Conner, and Sally Ride confirms the extreme uniqueness of their status); we can now see that women are being battered and frightened into hiding by both male strangers and male friends (a woman is beaten up every 18 seconds in the U.S.); we are even beginning to notice how little girls are badgered, and flattered, into maintenance of their status. We are also realizing that the hyper aggressive methods our world uses to solve problems are still excessively violent and dangerous to all of us. Out of a sense of what Democracy should be, we are beginning to work on specific wrongs that have come about AS A RESULT of the underlying worldview. But are we working on them still within the mindset that perpetuates them? Are we still overlooking subtle and even blatant things that serve to enculturate the young into these same roles and values ? into the same worldview? These are the things that, at this same time they are supposed to protect us and include us, also oppress us; and these are the things women are beginning to feel dissonance about when they stop to watch. They are the most innocent things: like cheerleading. Cheerleading because it validates an androcentric world that leaves women on the sidelines. Dressing for some pre-designed idea of success is another example. So are many other natural, normal, invisible acts that occur as window dressing and mortar in a patriarchal universe. I want to emphasize: some of my best friends have been cheerleaders, men, and many have been quite successful dressers. I?m not ?opposed to? any of them. I?m no more ?anti-male? than abolitionists were ?anti-white.? I am simply saying the act of cheerleading is almost a parody of the female role in patriarchy. Men are not necessarily better off ? they also must live in their world. But men hold the power: physical and political in the case of some men, and mental in the case of all men ? even those men who hate how it was obtained. For men (and women) who doubt that men are in possession of the world, Sey Chassler, former editor of Redbook magazine, suggests the following exercise:?Sit back and think of a world, your world, in which for everything you do or own you are accountable to women. Women are presidents, bankers, governors, door holders, traffic cops, airline pilots, automobile salespeople, bosses, supervisors, landlord; the whole structure is completely dominated by, possessed by, regulated by women. Your doctor. Your lawyer. Your priest, minister, rabbi, are all women. Every authoritative voice and every authoritative image are women?s. Jesus Christ. Buddha. Moses. The supreme Court. The tax collector. The mechanic who fixes your transmission. The daily newspaper. Think of such a world. Think of possession and possessiveness. Do most men feel and act as dominant possessor? Do I? We each have our own answers, but I?ll tell you this: my wife drives our car back and forth to work every day. I drive twice a week. Whenever we are in the car together, I drive. When we talk together, I have the right of closure. I did not take these things,? he said. ?They were given to me by our traditions, background, and culture.?Chassler became aware of these invisible powers of society by being raised with a twin sister, minus of course the sex difference. Chassler knew his sister was his equal, but he also noticed over the years that his world considered her something less. The perhaps not surprising fact is that changing this system is even threatening to many women. Shifting CheersPart 2 (April/May 1984)One theory about why many women feel threatened by a movement to enlarge their boundaries is that women, who support Right Wing causes are very conservative roles, may actually grasp the truth of the low status of women in our society but instead of reacting with anger, they react with fear. They are overwhelmed at the task of changing the system (the reality!) and, besides, all of the authorities they have ever known say the system is natural. A woman of this mindset senses her (real) need for protection from men-in-mass (their laws, their economic system, their violence) and so she staunchly, even passionately, helps to uphold what has been glorified as THE FAMILY among other institutions so she will, theoretically, have one man, and perhaps his brothers, to keep her safe. Whether she is safe is beside the point (one of every three families in America experiences ?spouse abuse?). The myth lives. Phyllis Chessler, author of Women and Madness, suggests that this system is so completely ingrained that it even has built into it the tradition of mothers nurturing their sons, confirming them as potentially strong and active beings, but blind their daughters and themselves. And we come back again tot cheerleaders. Our traditional world encourages daughters to do two things: become good candidates for marriage and be ?confirmers? of men. We are not taught to define ourselves apart from men or confirm ourselves or each other. And we are not taught in the most ?unimportant? and ?harmless? little ways. Women have had neither power nor wealth to hand on to their daughters; they have been dependent on men, as children are dependent on women. The most they have been able to do, Chessler says, is teach their daughters the tricks of surviving in the patriarchy by pleasing and attaching themselves to men. Sure it?s 1984. Some women have made huge strides. We are professors and doctors and astronauts as well as homemakers-of-choice. We are rediscovering we have a history (or should it be herstory?). We are making headway. But are we truly beginning to redefine ourselves and our reality? Or are we still acquiescing to small victories within a worldview that represses us? We seem so afraid to demand respect and dignity for fear it will leave us all alone, outside the family, the society, the reality. But are we doing anyone a favor? Adrienne Rich defines patriarchy as any kind of group organization in which males hold dominant power and determine what part females shall and shall not play. ?Such group organization has existed so long,? she said, ?that almost all written history, theology, psychology, and cultural anthropology are founded on it s premises and contribute to its survival.? This is even true of biology. Patriarchal society has our reality today. And although male superiority is not real, not universal, and has not existed throughout eternity, the belief in a God-the-Man (through Jesus in Christianity) and then Woman hierarchy of worth has existed long enough that, as Kate Millett said, ?its most powerful and tenacious hold on us is its successful habit of passing itself off as nature?? I don?t think it would help women looking for a just society to move to some other part of the world. Our system may be infuriating but it offers hope. At least most of us believe in Democracy. Our problem is thinking we actually live in one. Ask any oppressed group. What we live in is a very incomplete one. There is a joke about the Equal Rights Amendment in which the Founding Fathers are writing the Declaration of Independence and one says, ?Look guys, why don?t we just say that all men are created equal?and let the little ladies look out for themselves.? That is what the women?s movement is trying to do. Sure it is revolutionary?so was the Declaration of Independence. The rasison d?etre of the, ever evolving, women?s movement is not to place a few white women in positions of power or privilege within the traditional system. The movement and the ERA are for all women. The goals of the women?s movement, like the civil rights and other liberation movements, are ultimately for all people, even the oppressors. My perception of what we want is a system more closely resembling the ideal of a Democracy. Women, like Blacks and other outsiders, have begun objecting to token equality, to being that one ?special? person who is somehow better than the others. Women, like the others, are beginning to see and question the very roots of the system that allows a few inside while perpetuating injustice. But, it is so hard, sometimes, to tell a real advance from a sham. How do we recognize when the (necessary) isolated success of an individual woman who ?makes it? is a bone thrown by still well entrenched system to keep (what it thinks are a few) troublemakers quiet? As Rich says, ?It is difficult to be sure when and where your ?success? begins and build on a series of denials, small enough in themselves, perhaps, yet accruing through the invisible process such things follow, into acquiescence in a system of values which distrusts and degrades women.? Feminists are not opposed to men or families. They do not want their daughters, or sons, to go to war (wars which are referred to by males sensitized to the power of the patriarchy, by the way, as ?old men?s wars?). They do not want co-ed bathrooms. They want to live as adults, actively participating in guiding their lives. They want fair commitments. They wan a better balanced universe. They want reality to be a bigger place. It is our worldview that has to change. And it has to change before General Patton and the patriarchal Army progresses itself right into self-destruction. I don?t believe this to be hyperbole. The masculine/feminine imbalance is concurrent with and, I believe, intimately linked to a wide-ranging imbalance in our system, articulated by writer Peter Russell: ?The currently predominant worldview seems to be that of man, the dominator and manipulator of nature, inherently aggressive and nationalistic, with the principal goal of productivity, material progress, economic efficiency, and growth? ?Valuable though it may have been, our current model no longer seems to be working. And as the model is losing its usefulness, it is beginning to threaten our continued existence on this planet? ?If by altering our worldview, we are to avert a collective catastrophe, then some fundamental changes will be necessary: changes in the way we relate to ourselves, our bodies and surrounding; changes in our needs; changes in the demands we make of others and of the planet; and changes in our awareness and appreciation of the world. ?As numerous people have pointed out, a new worldview is needed, one that is holistic, nonexploitative, ecologically sound, lone-term, global, peaceful, humane, and cooperative. ?This would mean a shift to a truly global perspective, one in which the individual, the society, and the planet are all given full recognition?? So what do we do? We don?t stop cheerleading?we start cheering for our daughters and our sisters, and ourselves, too. We support the ERA, if for no other reason than an American sense of fair play. We begin to change our worldview by allowing women to live and grow. Tuning Out ( September 1984) I have a female friend in a far way, anonymous town whose life went through a kind of ?soap opera? stage recently. The drama included ministers, wives, other men, other women, talkative children, infidelity, scenes, public confessions, on and on. It was a mess. But it was also just theatrical enough that one night I heard myself laughingly say, ?Well, ?Dallas? is a rerun tonight, let?s call and see what so-and-so is up to.? More recently I?ve had occasion to think of someone else?s love life as a soap opera. This time it involved fear, violence, too much drinking and too many unrealistic expectations. It wasn?t funny at all. And I thought, ?Why not?? This is what we see on TV and movies and hear on the radio. We?re turning ourselves into little Sue Ellens and Bobbys! Anyone who has worked with computers is familiar with the phrase, ?garbage in/garbage out?. It means it is we who program the computer and if we put crap in, that?s what we?ll get out. It?s like ?you are what you eat,? or ?what you spend your time on is what owns you?. It makes me wonder just hat we are putting into our heads about human relationships from soaps and songs. If intelligent beings exist on other planets, and all they know about the human race is through scenarios they pick up on the air waves, do they think we have any interests in life beyond having and losing mates (or possibly property, if they hear the news)? What are we saying about ourselves through the shows we watch, the songs we like? And, more to the point, what are they turning us into? ?He loves me?, ?he doesn?t love me?, ?I?ll kill her if she doesn?t love me??What kind of relationships are we programming ourselves to expect? If the computer analogy holds, it follows that we can expect no more sophisticated behavior to come out of our own heads (and thus into our own relationships) than what we put into them. Maybe we shouldn?t be too surprised when our lives begin to sound like soap operas, and our personal love stories are something less than we had hoped. Probably a more important consideration than actually being ?programmed? by the media is that people who spend so much time plugged into the media don?t have enough time for themselves or other people. I?ve thought about buying a ?personal stereo? lately and, when I think of why I want one, I discover two motives. One is choice. I?d like to be able to put ?Chorus Line? or ?Rachmoniff?s Second concerto? into my head at the push of a button. The other is escapism. I see person after person walking across the K-State campus or sitting in the Union literally screaming ?Leave me alone!? simply by turning on and looking down. And when many of the rest of the people go home, they do the same thing by turning on their televisions. When do we talk to people? How do we learn how to be with people? When do we put something into our ?personal computer? beyond this song-lyric-level of solutions for living? If we spend all of our time pining away for some idealized version of love, for example, we can?t possibly have the time we need to develop ourselves into the kind of person who might be able to achieve a more mature kind of love. If what we think about is what we become, do we really want to become the kind of shallow, self-serving people we see on ?As the World Turns? or ?Falcon Crest?? It seems possible that we could become so submerged in fantasy that we would come to expect and produce the kind of behavior we learn from these media ?teachers?. It takes time to develop into people we?d even like to know! It?s work to develop interests and abilities and depth. But, only if we take that time can we ever hope to attract others who have done that kind of work. And, only if we?ve done the work, can we expect to become anything but bubble-headed people with grand (and false) expectations that some other person is going to come along and magically turn us into the kind of person we would like to be. Just yesterday I heard a stereo company advertisement say ?Remove that hole in your soul with a sexy set of tunes?? Is that what we?ve come to: have we been passive listeners to stories about tiny, boring lives for so long we can?t communicate with live people and are reduced to plugging ourselves into a personal stereo to ?remove the hole in our soul?? I may go ahead and buy a personal stereo. But, if I do, I hope I use it in moderation. I?ll try not to play it alone too much. I?ll never play it and drive. And, if I begin to get out of control, I hope I?ll stand up bravely at the local meeting of Escapists Anonymous and say ?My name is Susan, and sometimes I hide.? Mostly, I hope we all begin doing ourselves a favor by learning to talk with real people. Soaps and sexy tunes are diversions not training tips. Some Middle Ground? (October 1984) My friend Katie used to say all Republicans looked alike until she lived in Washington, D.C. After hanging around there for a couple of years, she decided one should never judge a politician ?until you?ve walked a mile in his Guccis.? She now also admits that it was practically impossible to tell to which political party those expensive shoes belonged. Everyone in Washington, D.C. looks like your old high school student council president, Republican and Democrat alike. Probably the reason for this homogeneity, as David Osborne pointed out in a recent issue of Mother Jones magazine, is that after any election a different party takes over anyway. It is no longer the ?Electoral Party?; the ones who communicate to the public through the election-time stereotypes we call ?Republican? and ?Democrat.? It is not the two parties we see on television. After an election, Osborne says, a group of people who live in Washington on a more-or-less permanent basis takes over. These people ? who staff administrations, determine policy and influence Congress ? make up what he calls the ?Permanent Party.? They are the one who begin to look almost clone-like when you see them in their pin-striped suits on the subway to Chevy Chase and Arlington. They are the lawyers, lobbyists, business leaders and labor chiefs. They are the journalists who come to watch them. The Electoral Party is the party of stereotypes and slogans, of superficial answers to complex problems, of television performances. It seeks to win elections. Its currency is the vote. The Permanent Party is much more indistinguishable. Political rhetoric is less prevalent. Special interest groups are more noticeable. Often, ?Its currency is the dollar,? Osborne said. Actually both Republicans and Democrats are probably necessary within our system to maintain a balanced approach to problem solving because both, in the extreme, could be hazardous to the national health. One analogy explains it this way: If you are going down for the third time 100 yards off shore and you yell for help, either a Republican or a Democrat could drown you in an effort to help. The stereotyped Republican would throw you 50 yards of rope and encourage you that the rest of the swim would build your character. The stereotyped Democrat would throw you 200 yeards to rope and sink you with the weight. There are limits even to benevolence. The language is part of what confuses us. We tend to allow words to take over reality. What is a Republican or a Democrat? Think in terms that supposedly describe you: K-Stater, Kansan, Christian. All Republicans and Democrats are no more alike than you are like all other Kansans or Christians. And, the fact that your neighbor is Buddhist or comes from Oklahoma does not mean he isn?t a great deal like you. It is mostly the mythology surrounding the WORDS that makes people all too ready to accept stereotypes. How many of us can really list specific, concrete political party beliefs and goals? Because we only know the clich?s, some people out in the world become genuinely fearful of what election=time slogan-makers tell us about one party or the other. W are consciously manipulated, by people sophisticated about how to use language, into believing Republican is another word for corporate carte-blanche and that Democratic is synonymous with socialistic. We are told that if Democrats have their way they will spend all of the money in the national treasury, leaving America broke and unable to take care of its citizens. We are told that Republicans would turn America into a survival of the fittest world where all but the most privileged will ?fall between the cracks.? Republicans, on the other hand, think they are simply saying people, or at least smaller structures than the federal government, should take care of themselves as much as possible to e don?t spend ourselves into mutual poverty. Democrats say, ?fine, but what are you going to do with the people who can not take care of themselves? What about the people who don?t begin the game with an equal share of the cards?? Republicans counter, ?how are you going to help any one by breaking the backs of the people who are successfully making the economy and the society strong?? And so it goes. Surely there is middle ground here. Maybe this is an unfounded wish, but maybe, if we?re lucky, that middle ground is where may of the so-called ?Permanent Party? resides. I hope so because it seems the question isn?t really, ?Should the federal government be the caretaker of our personal needs or should it not?? The better question is, ?What parts of our caretaking can be best accomplished through the cooperative structure of national government and what parts are better left to ourselves or to other smaller structures? We?ve fallen into thinking we either have some stereotypical Republican greed or stereotypical Democratic give-away, when what we need is a caretaking government for some things and individual, non-governmental responsibility for others. We need structures like the United Nations and other international organizations to deal with nuclear proliferation, acid rain, international air traffic, small pox and other global problems. We need national government for truly national needs. And for problems peculiar to areas or to small populations we need structures of the scale to handle them. How can we, the average voters, help guide our governing structures in directions most of us agree address problems on appropriate levels and in appropriate manners? We need to vote. The vote is still the trump card in this country. Another way seems to be the try to be more attentive about politics?even if it is easier to say ?it?s too complicated? or ?it?s too boring.? Someone ? and who else besides ourselves ? needs to be more watchful of our elected representatives (and, importantly, to their much more arbitrary appointees) between election times. We need to know that performers who can grab the public attention during elections may not necessarily be the best people to do the actual work of managing and leading a country. In other words, we need to educate ourselves about issues and about the kinds of people we need to ?hire? to handle them. Maybe if we do we will be less easily manipulated by Electoral Party politics and more aware of what the Permanent Party is up to during the intervening four years. Grand Parents (November 1984) It?s probably not fair to use public space to eulogize anyone, even your grandparents. But I?ve just come from the funeral of a very near and dear grandfather and am thinking about him. Anthropologist Margaret Mead said in her autobiography, Blackberry Winter, that the closest friends she made all through life had been people who grew up close to a loved and loving grandmothers or grandfather. Mead was sensitive to the value of the bonding between grandparents and grandchildren because she was lucky enough to have been close to both a grandmother (whom she described as the ?most decisive influence? in her life) and a granddaughter. Once she said, not entirely facetiously, that one of the reasons grandparents and grandchildren were aligned together was because they shared a common enemy: the middle generation. But, of course, there are more important links. I realize that in post-WWII America we don?t learn everything we know from the previous generation as people once did, or as many still do in traditional societies. Again, as Mead said, young and old alike, today we are ?immigrants into a new era.? We learn much of what we know at the same time. But that doesn?t mean we?ve stopped learning form people who have lived linger. Most human dilemmas concern human nature and experience has to help. In fact, most people are probably just beginning to get good at life when they get old. Sociology and the cosmos aside, old people are often simply good examples. I am extremely fortunate to have known and loved all four of my grandparents. And, like Mead, I can trace pretty directly certain characteristics that I have adopted from each of them. Maybe a better word than characteristics would be appreciations. I have vivid memories of the grandmother who died when I was nine because she introduced me to life and death in a very direct way. She was a farm woman and it was her job to tend the nests, nurse the calves, nurture the family. Although I can still taste her chicken and noodles in my dreams, I can never remember her sitting down at the table to eat with us herself. I can picture her asleep holding a needle and darning-egg, her eye glasses resting on her nose, late at night. She tried several times to teach my sister and me to ?clean? chickens. She would cut their heads off with an ax and laugh while we chased the still-running bodies around the farm yard. I remember her especially noting the crop and gizzard pointing out what the last meal had been with the glee of a scientific discovery. She was also the first person I saw dead, and for her, I saw my father cry for the first time. The grandfather who just died was nurturing in the other ways. He was kind of a tough old guy and probably wouldn?t approve of the word nurture. But his acceptance of nearly everyone on their own terms and his straightforward sense of duty to people was certainly nourishing. This grandpa grew up in Oklahoma while it was still Indian Territory. His father settled in what became Alfalfa County during the Cherokee strip run. Grandpa remembered sitting at Carrie Nation?s skirt hems in saloons while she lambasted the patrons for drinking. He went off to World War I when he was 17 years old. Six weeks after signing up he was in France working in the pay master?s office, a duty he held throughout the war and until all of the graves were dug at Verdun. I have wondered how seeing those thousands of dead young men, his same age, affected his personability. I expect it added considerably to his appreciations, his priorities and probably his realism. From him I learned lots of specific information ranging from the encouragement that ?a new worry is like a vacation? to ?never buy a valve job? but what I learned from watching him is that ordinary endurance counts for a lot, and it is a bonus if you can maintain it with grace. If I could choose to inherit this particular grandpa?s sense of humor and, if there?s a place to go after we die, I hope I get to go where he went. In fact, the night he died I told him to save me a seat. My niece, bless her heart, asked him to save it for a long time. My other grandfather is alive and running circles around younger type A personalities at age 93. His is the story for another time. My other grandmother has memories for me now. She was a poet. She wanted to be a career woman before career women were acceptable. And, although she contributed to hundreds of lives through her writing and by taking scores of girl scouts on camping trips, she was miserable in many ways mostly because she was what we call ?born ahead of her time?. She had trouble conforming to expectations of a ?normal wife and mother? and, because she rebelled some people said she was crazy. She wasn?t crazy but dozens of doctors gave her dozens of shock treatments throughout her life as they tried to make her accept a role she simply could not play. I think some of my longing for justice and most of my wanderlust come from her. I know my rage at pre-determined ideas of what is normal exist because of her. A year or so after she died, I wrote kind of a lament about her when it dawned on me that no one was able to listen to me the way she could and that I still needed to be obscure, but I wrote: ?She discussed the possibility of UFO?s with bright eyes, and I heard faith in the unknown; She delighted to the sound of raindrops on the canna leaves, and I felt connected with nature; She welcomed my young voice in her old rooms, and I was glad to be there. She laughed at life?s follies by surviving them, and her presence somehow conveyed a future?. That?s the part I was thinking of again today. All of my grandparents liked life, in spite of all the reasons not to and, somehow, they made me less fearful and more appreciative of it. They were roots but they were also a sort of testimony that life carried on, if not forever, at least for a long time. Mead said that in the presence of grandparent and grandchild, past and future merge in the present. Grandparents give us eyes into the past; they give us a sense of attachment to the world, and a necessary sense of permanence. Of course, grandchildren lend older people their visions of the future. Each gives the other continuity. Those attachments matter because by knowing and loving one particular old person or child it is possible for us to understand and better care about all old people and children. Both give s something beyond ourselves to be part of. Limits To Benevolence (December 1984) I don?t like to be overly picky, but this ?infusion model? I?ve been hearing so much about ? as a means to further integration and cultural awareness ? is worrying me. It is becoming increasingly popular to say things like: ?those ethnic courses? ? or ? ?those women?s studies programs? ? or ? ?those minority affairs offices? ? are relics of a by-gone era. The came out of the radical 60?s and 70?s and to perpetuate them is to ?ghettoize? people and call unnecessary attention to those who, after all, are ?just like everybody else.? ?We?re past that now,? say those in authority. My problem is that those in authority are the same people who were in authority in the 60?s and 70?s (even the 1860?s and the 1570?s). Like its advocates, I think the infusion model seems like exactly the correct desegregation and decentralization strategy to follow now ? taken at face value. Introduction a multicultural and nonsexist perspective into every portion of, say, the KSU curriculum is much better than having one course on ?minorities? and one course on ?women.? The next logical step , however, could be that there is no longer a need to have special courses teaching, for example, the history of the world as though minorities and women existed. No more need for that nasty old 1960?s notion of affirmative action (implemented in 1972) or even special need. ?We?re all the same now.? That is the step the infusion model seems to assume we are on today. And I don?t; at least not with secure footing. I want to believe those in power are ready to share their power; to truly integrate ?the curriculum? or the ?educational system? or ?the society?; to genuinely ?infuse? multicultural and nonsexist ideals. But I?m skeptical. Twenty years of civil rights movement and ten years of women?s movement simply did not bring us that far along?even before the Reagan era. Political, legal, social, even mental and emotional, constraints have barred the way too long. When most of the same, actual human beings are still in their same, actual positions of power, how can we think life beneath the surface is much changed? Yet a new problem has appeared: some minorities and women, who have been able to make inroads into the power structure (people with a sincere hope for justice), are also beginning to make sounds like, ?the problems have been solved.? They seem to be buying into the notion that ?everyone is alike and should be treated the same? reflects straightforward progress rather than seeing it as another, more subtle, level of resistance. And, maybe they are right. I agree that ?mainstreaming? and ?infusion? appear to be progressive steps, but isn?t it possible that homogenizing ideals like mainstreaming and infusion could act to (once again) silence whole sets of powerless people? The phrase ?dilute and conquer? keeps nagging me. We?ve worked too hard and made too much real progress to abandon our tiny sentinel posts just yet. Without them I?m afraid we?ll be infused right out of sight, and mind. ?Same? equals invisible if you are still such small drops in the pool. The women?s sports organization, AIAW (Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women) administered women?s sports programs for decades. Run mostly by women, because men did not think women?s sports were worth their attention, the AIAW provided necessary services to women?s sports for the entire life of organized women?s sports, including rules, tournaments, and so on. In the late 1970?s, women?s sports became popular for a number of reasons. One, because of the influence of the women?s movement, young women began to realize they could actually participate in sports without growing testicles. Two, laws like Title IX came along (slowly and grudgingly) which forced money into women?s programs. In short, women?s sports suddenly became what looked to the powerful NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) like a growing and a going concern. So what did they do? They ?infused? the AIAW right out of business. I?m afraid the same thing will happen with ethnic studies programs and minority affairs offices and women?s studies programs and women?s resource centers. Sure those units originated in a more radical era. Sure it would be wonderful if they were no longer needed. But they still are needed, aren?t they? Look around at the people who are in decision making positions and those who are not. To say there are no longer disadvantaged groups who have special needs; to say for example that minority students, in the enlightened year of 1984, are ?just like everybody else? is to deny that differences (in access to resources, among other things) do exist. ?Just like everybody else? is life threatening to people without access to power because, when people in power say ?just like everybody else,? they mean ?just like us.? They mean you can be in our world if you become like us. ?We know you aren?t white and/or male (or maybe young, middle class, protestant, heterosexual, completely able-bodied, or whatever), but do your best.? Above all, maintain the status quo so everything can be good ?for everybody? (i.e., for ?us??). If women and minorities agree to be infused into the curriculum of life than I fear they will be accepting life as defined (still) by the dominant power structure. That means ?outsider? status once again. It also means accepting a social structure and way of life we may not even want. There is a book titled Doing Good: The Limits of Benevolence which tells about incidences where people are harmed by other, more powerful, people smiling and saying, ?This is for your own good.? Mental patients are locked away, elderly people lose their property, children are mishandled. Some kinds of ?help? strip other people of their independence and their identity. It turns people into objects or it makes them invisible. Both kinds of help are methods of control. Women and minorities don?t need that kind of help. Other Voices ( January/February 1985) Shakespeare?s plays, American historical documents (the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the Federalist Papers), The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Bible are the four titles or sets of titles that appeared on over 50% of the lists in a recent poll of U.S. educational and cultural leaders and others who were asked to name books all high school graduates should have read. This information was included in a new report of the National Endowment for the Humanities? study on the State of Learning in the Humanities in Higher Education written by William J. Bennett, Chairman of NEH and Reagan nominee for Secretary of Education. Bennett wrote that certain authors (?great souls? he called them) and works ?virtually define the Western mind.? These include, in addition to the above, Homer, Sophocles, Plato, Aristotle, Dante, Chaucer, Machiavelli, Milton, Locke, Rousseau, Tocqueville, Dickens, Marx, Nietzsche, Tolstoy, T.S. Elliot, Melville, Twain, Faulkner, and a few more. With the exception of George Eliot (a woman who published under a male pen name), where are the women? With the exception of the ?I have a dream?? speech and ?Letters from a Birmingham Jail? by martin Luther King, Jr. (which were included on the Committee?s list), where are the minorities? One woman and one Black man, and yet this list ?defines? the Western mind? I wonder. It reminds me of a quote from a book called, appropriately, The Winner Names the Age that goes ?what Freud mistook for her lack of civilization is women?s lack of loyalty to civilization.? This sentiment could apply as well for minorities. If women and minorities are excluded by the civilization defined by these ?Great Souls,? except as they exist in roles supporting white males, why should they want to claim that civilization or culture as their own? It was no less a ?Western mind? than Aristotle who said, ?we may thus conclude that it is a general way that there should be naturally ruling elements and elements naturally ruled? the rule of the free man over the slave is one kind of rule; that of the male over the female another?? This kind of assumption about the superior nature of Caucasians and males was commonly held by those writers and thinkers who Bennett and the humanities scholars say define our civilization. Virginia Wolfe once wrote, ?Let us never cease from thinking?what is this ?civilization? in which we find ourselves...Where?is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?? Elaine Showalter, in a book on literary criticism, said, ?Women students will ? perceive that literature as it is selected to be taught, confirms what everything else in society tells them: that the masculine viewpoint is considered normative, and the feminine viewpoint divergent.? Again, the same holds true for minorities. It is not that we do not need the ?essentials of knowledge? as recommended by Bennett?s committee. The committee?s thrust was that life is not made up entirely of technological and scientific information; that we need to pay more attention to the dominant culture?s heritage of religion, philosophy, history and art. I?m sure most of us agree. We do need that ? but we need more! Didn?t anyone on the Humanities committee notice that the view of the world projected by its list is limited to the perspective of just one segment of our total population? The committee seems to be saying with its exclusive list that the essential ideas of Western civilization? are only those ideas observed and documented by white males. It?s almost as if women and minorities have not really existed. I?m not convinced that their one voice ever did speak for all of us. I know it doesn?t today. Women have voices. Minorities have voices. Why aren?t they on the Humanities list? We need to know what the world looks like form many perspectives. If we continue to teach and learn about history, philosophy, religion and art as it is seen through only those limited and therefore limiting works, we are helping to perpetuate a mind set that also will continue to think it is legitimate to exclude women and minorities from other important portions of our society as well. A professor of history at K-State said in the November 30 Collegian, in an article of local reaction to the Humanities report, ?People my age had a college education structured with a common base ? People now are ignorant about their heritage and how to express themselves about their ?heritage?. He was happy to see a renewed emphasis on the humanities and was appalled that people might not know about their ?heritage.? But isn?t it rather narrow to view history, philosophy, religion and art from the exclusive perspective of so few as the only heritage there is? It is indeed appalling to be ignorant of your heritage but ? don?t look now ? we have ALWAYS been ignorant about the heritage of women and minorities because the lives of these silenced member of our society have never been included within what humanities professors have taught us mattered. Our minds have been so thoroughly trained to see the Aristotle-Bible-Founding Fathers view of ?our? heritage as the one-and-only reality that it has been virtually impossible for any of us to recognize that women and minorities even HAD one. We have a bad habit of ignoring the contributions women and minorities have made to ?humanity? ? and it seems hard to break. This was a 1984 report from a national committee whose enlightened mission was to look out for our common essential knowledge, and its authors continue to encourage us to study the same old version of the world. That version isn?t enough anymore. William J. Bennett did not exaggerate when he said the works he calls essential have defined the Western mind. But today we have more knowledge and more choices. Let?s use them. Women and minorities are producing important new works that help define a much more varied and fair ? and real ? Western civilization, even as they begin to fill in some gaps in the knowledge of our common heritage by asserting that women and minorities actually had heritages of their own all along. Balancing (March 1985) Every one of us gets bored now and then. On the other hand, our lives sometimes feel so hectic that spending the weekend in a sensory depravation tank would seem too exciting. We hear about ?stress-related? illness more now than ever before. The odd think is, even in the midst of the busiest of schedules, it is still possible to feel apathetic and uninterested. Maybe January and February were just too cold and bleak this year. I have a friend ? a friend who would be included on even the world?s shortest list of healthy, well adjusted people ? who has commented more than once this winter that her life was full and busy; she liked her job, she liked her family, she even enjoyed all of the activities in which she was involved. But, she was bored! She felt a little ashamed of the bored feelings because ?things were going along just fine.? But she recognized how she felt ? and she felt bored. I don?t have a solution for the problem of needing to spice up one?s life from time to time, even when you are supposedly ?set.? I do know that it is a normal dilemma and one that is part of the pull between order (sameness) and disorder (change) within the entire universe. It is a natural phenomenon, like gravity, and the only ?solution? for handling it within our lives is balance. Likewise, some theorists believe there are two fundamental sources of human satisfaction, both also having to do with change. One is stimulation ? excitation, novelty, uniqueness, change; and one is relief ? sameness, security, stability, familiarity, nonchange. People are drawn to that which is changing, for stimulation. We change everything from the furniture to our jobs to our minds. And there is an equally strong urge for security, sameness, predictability ? to create ?order out of chaos.? The balance of these qualities is, to me, one of the wonders of the world; in fact, it is a so-called ?Law? of the universe (The Second Law of Thermodynamics) ? and one that, at least within our ordinary reality, seems to work. It has to do with the way in which energy is used, and what I like about it is that this physical law (skeptically applied) illuminates a pattern that can help explain so many other things. As human beings, we deal with this need to balance certainty and uncertainty in everything from personal psychology to particle physics. The pattern (the Second Law) addresses the way the universe is poised between ?entropy,? the tendency for all things to move toward randomness and disorder; and ?redundancy,? the fight for control or organization. Everything, EVERYTHING plays along this balance between order and disorder. We shouldn?t jump to the conclusion that order is good and disorder is bad, however. The fact that, within the closed system we call our universe, there is such phenomenon as entropy is as important to existence as wind is to sailing. Entropy is what makes the seasons, and time itself, go along in sequence; it maintains what we view as a linear process ?forward? (even if it is toward disorder). It means freedom. So, although language, culture, organization, life itself, are order-producing elements within the universe, total redundancy would mean an absence of anything moving anywhere at all, a void and death. Music offers a good example of entropy and redundancy. If a son is repeated ta-dum-ta-dum-ta-dum, over and over and over, it would be too redundant for ears used to hearing a progression ?forward? and we would become bored. But, if the song were too disorganized, if the entropy were too high, it would frustrate and irritate us because some repetition is necessary to make sense out of things. Jazz has higher entropy that ?Row, Row, Row Your Boat.? A composer?s goal is to play along the line just close enough to keep people from going to sleep without making them pull their hair out from too many random, disconnected notes. Language works on this same principle. The English language is slightly less than fifty percent redundant. People who study language know, for example, that the letter ?e? is the most often used letter. As in life, there are lots of these kinds of patterns within a language and, because of them we have a way to communicate that is predictable enough to be understood and yet flexible enough to change with our environment. If English were, say, only twenty percent redundant no one would be able to do a crossword puzzle; there would be too little predictability. If it were seventy percent redundant, we could all do the New York Times puzzle every day. In the same way, if our lives become too redundant they can be tiresomely predictable, and boring. But we need to be careful to maintain the balance. Each of us seems to prefer living at a different place along a continuum from relatively high entropy to relatively high redundancy, depending on things like cultural expectations, age, experience, and so forth. And, we may like a high degree of sameness in one part of our life and lots of changes in others; also, these needs and tolerances vary throughout a lifetime. My sister, for example, can tolerate more physical disorder than I can; I seem to need more things in place around them. On the other hand, I may change jobs or move around the world without the stress she would experience. Talk about redundant: millions of people (many of whom work in high entropy environments) like to relax by watching ?Dallas? on Friday nights, even though it is basically the same story over and over; other people (who may be looking for stimulation instead of relief on Friday nights) think ?Dallas? is about as exciting as watching food revolve in the microwave (something my cat, Chutney, who loves redundancy, finds fascinating). The point of all this is that in our day-to-day lives we balance change and nonchange. When we?re bored we seek stimulation and when we?re uncertain we want relief. My friend may be feeling bored, then, not because there is anything ?wrong? in her life but rather because everything is going along so smoothly. A note of caution is needed here: simply ?stirring up trouble? to add excitement to life or floating in the deprivation tank forever to find security could be as fool-hardy as wishing for either a hurricane or the doldrums on a sailing trip. The key is balance. It could be said that the ?art? of being a good composer or editor or manager of any kind ? not to mention just living your life ? consists to a significant degree of striking the right balance between predictability and uncertainty (between control/freedom, preservation/destruction, order/disorder, stability/spontaneity, whatever words fit your situation) ? right balance being your best combination of satisfied anticipation and surprise. The challenge to find, in our days, jobs, governments, marriages, music, minds ? lives ? a stability that is not too confining and a variety that is not too chaotic ? to reach a balance that allows both rest and growth ? is so common it is almost a clich?. The best advice I?ve read about recapturing balance from the snare of boredom comes from one of humanity?s wisest of wizards, Merlyn the magician, in the T.H. White ?Camelot ? story, The Once and Future King. He called it sadness, but what he said applies to boredom:?The best thing for being sad,? replied Merlyn, beginning to puff and blow, ?is to learn something. That is the only thing that never fails. You may grow old and trembling in your anatomies, you may lie awake at night listening to the disorder of your veins, you may miss your only love, you may see the world about you devastated by evil lunatics, or know your honour trampled in the sewers of baser minds. There is only one thing for it then ? to learn. Learn why the world wags and what wags it. That is the only thing which the mind can never exhaust, never alienate, never be tortured by, never fear or distrust, and never dream of regretting. Learning is the thing for you. Look at what a lot of things there are to learn ? pure science, the only purity there is. You can learn astronomy in a lifetime, natural history in three, literature in six. And then, after you have exhausted a milliard lifetimes in biology and medicine and theocriticism and geography and history and economics ? why, you can start to make a cartwheel out of the appropriate wood, or spend fifty years learning to begin to learn to beat your adversary at fencing. After that you can start again on mathematics, until it is time to learn to plough.?Spring will help too. Read/ability ( April 1985)Every other person I?ve talked to lately is struggling to write a report or a term paper, and it reminded me of my own miseries learning to write a simple, straightforward sentence. I guess it?s unavoidable that those of us who learn to write in an academic setting, (i.e. almost all of us) also learn an academic writing style. That?s too bad because where few words, small worlds, active verbs, and concrete examples are guiding principles of successful communicators ? academics teach the worship of Many, Big, Passive, and Abstract. It?s easy to spot many words and big words. Do you realize, for example, that eh Lord?s Prayers has 56 words; the Gettysburg Address has 268 words; the Declaration of Independence has 1,322 words; and a completely unintelligible government regulation on the sale of cabbage has 26,911 words? Here is an example of ?Big and Many? from psychology: ?On the one side we have the free personality: by definition it is not neurotic, for it has neither conflict nor dream. Its desires, such as they are, are transparent, for they are just what institutional approval keeps in the forefront of consciousness?? (you get the idea). This paragraph also illustrates abstract words. Try to touch a ?forefront of consciousness,? for example. Passive as opposed to active can be recognized when what you are trying to say seems buried. ?The race was won by Zola Budd? is passive. ?Zola Budd won the race? is active. We are asked to make sense of long, convoluted sentences every single day in an academic setting, and, even outside it. We squint, read them again, and usually decide, ?well, I don?t understand, but it must be my problem.? And it?s true that although the problem did not begin with us, we perpetuate it. If we read this kind of prose we tend to write it, too. I?m sure all of us have used a cumbersome phrase like, ?In my opinion it is not an unjustifiable assumption that?? instead of ?I think.? And we tell ourselves the longer one sounds better. Changing from the wordy, abstract style to a more clear and straightforward one seems to involve as much an attitude change as a technical one. I know it was for me. I began my studies with anthropologists who favored a pedantic style because it sounded more academic and, I admit, it was hard to let go of it. I remember my first assignment in class one of Reporting One. I had decided I wanted to communicate with other people besides other anthropologists and realized doing so meant changing styles. But I really didn?t know what that meant. On the first day I was asked to ?go outside and describe something.? Simple enough. I went outside and the one distinguishing characteristic that day, to me, was the wind. It was a day in late fall and Kansas was preparing for winter. The point around which my description revolved was the observation, ?What an odd job fall wind has, stripping her friends for the cold.? Now, I think that line sounds like the Peanuts cartoon kid?s description of a sunset: ?The sun went down as red as a banana? but, at the time, I though, ?Great stuff.? Proudly I turned in my paper, relieved that some unique observation had come to me ?on demand.? The next day the newspaper editor teacher returned my ?D? paper full of red lines and x?s with the word ?friends? circled and the comment, ?do you mean the TREES?? I almost decided, then and there, to return to academic gobbledy-gook, no matter how awful it was?at least they appreciated poetry! But what I learned from being forced to be concrete was that writing clearly is hard work; it means nothing short of thinking clearly. The key to straightforward writing is knowing what you want to say. George Orwell, author of the novel 1984, wrote an article about language and politics in which he said much modern writing consists of vague, meaningless phrases ?tacked together like the sections of a prefabricated hen-house.? He said apart from ugliness, two qualities are common to this kind of style. They are staleness of imagery and lack of precision. ?The writer either has a meaning and cannot express it, or he?is almost indifferent as to whether his words mean anything or not,? Orwell said. ?This mixture of vagueness and sheer incompetence is the most marked characteristic of modern English prose, and especially any kind of political writing.? Orwell said writing is too full of ?ready-made phrases.? He also believed that vague abstractions and over-used phrases are sometimes used on purpose ? not to communicate but to keep people from thinking. As all students and politician?s know, it?s much easier to conceal both ignorance and precise meaning in abstract and clich?-ridden ramblings. Orwell said people who continually read and write ready ? made phrases no longer think for themselves. ?A scrupulous writer,? Orwell said, ?in every sentence that he writes, he will ask himself at least four questions, thus: What am I trying to say? What words will express it? What image or idiom will make it clearer? Is this image fresh enough to have an effect? And he will probably ask himself two more: Could I put it more clearly? Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly?? (In the thirty-five years since Orwell wrote this essay we have also learned to recognize sexist language, something no one thought of in 1950. Using ?he? all of the time alludes only to males in our minds, regardless of what grammar rules try to tell us.) The problem for most of us arrives when we sit down, pen in hand, behind a blank page. It seems impossible to think clearly at a time like that. How do we know what we want to say, and how can we write it clearly the first time? The answer for most of us is, we can?t. In the movie ?Amadeus? we saw Mozart write entire musical scores in his head and then transcribe them, without change, to the page. But most of us don?t think that way. Many writers tell us, in fact, that the reason they write is to find out what they think. Orwell said we need to know what we want to say and then choose the words and images that make our meaning clear. What if we don?t know what we think? I once worked for an old man who had written for a living his entire lifetime, and the one lesson he gave me about writing was, ?Never approach writing ceremoniously.? I?m afraid that?s what we tend to do with a blank page looming there, waiting to be filled with not just clear, but profound ideas. That approach is the one he meant not to take. The goal, then, is to study; think about the direction you want your thoughts to travel; then ?just write.? Don?t try to avoid thinking or jive anyone (especially yourself) with gobbledy-gook phrases. Don?t stop and look back to see how it sounds. You can write pages if you want because you are not composing your final version ? you are finding out what you think. Or, in the case of research papers, you are finding out what other people think, then what you think. After finishing that process, read it and ask, ?Okay, what is it I am trying to say?? Pretend you are going to explain it to a young child and write down ? as directly as possible ? your meaning. That, is the beginning of your term paper. Probably you have lots of material you can use to fill in the detail. Now that you know your meaning, you can go to books and find pertinent quotes. You can sit back and think of exactly the image that will best explain or illustrate a point or an example. But, if you have done the work (and it is work) of figuring out what you think, then you can write it clearly. If your professor tells you it doesn?t sound academic enough, let me known and I?ll send him or her Orwell?s essay. *Note: The best book on writing style that I know is Elements of Style, by Strunk and White ?Normaler Than Thou? (May 1985) Several friends (good and decent people, all) recently have admitted to varying degrees of worry about ?what people think? of them or ?how people will treat? them when or if it is discovered they have a characteristic that places them outside what we were taught was ?normal?. Members of many U.S. ethnic groups deal with the burden of being ?other? than the TV stereotype of normal every day, simply because they look different. But, as it happens, the people I am referring to look like members of the proper club; it?s just that one has been hospitalized for mental problems, one takes an anti-depressant drug, two are gay, and one is epileptic. What is striking is that all of their worries are so similar: What will my friends thing? Will I disappoint my family? Will I get fired from my job if they find out? What these people share with the ethnic minorities is that, in fact, some people probably would ostracize them if they ?knew.? According to a sociology book called Outsiders USA, if we eliminate all people who exhibit characteristics or who have a status that places them outside what or society calls ?normal,? this is what we get: A male between the ages of 18 and 65 White Educated Financially secure Completely able-bodied Intellectually competent Heterosexual (and preferably married with a family) Not an alcohol or drug abuser No prison record No history of psychiatric problemsOther characteristics help, such as: right handedness, correct religious affiliation, straight teeth, prescribed manner of dress, no relatives who are inclined to embarrass, and so on. You might wonder how it is possible that the vast majority of the population ? belonging to at least one of the many ?outsider? groups ? is still considered an ?outsider? in the USA. It is because, in our society, the only slightly enlarged group of stereotypical ?normal? people have garnered so much political, religious, economic, and general social power that they have given themselves permission to write the laws and legitimize the attitudes that define what insider and outsider mean ? for all of us. What puzzles me the most about ?minority? groups (including ethnic and other outsiders) is that the people in them seem to have no sense of commonality with people in other ?outsider? groups. They do not, in other words, just because they are black or Chicano or American Indian or physically disabled or lesbian or gay or alcoholic or women, see their ?stake? in opposing the oppression of the others. I know some groups are forced into competitive relationships because of the way resources are won or lost in the world; that if money and power are up for grabs, ideals about finding ways we can all win are quickly reduced to ?if you win, I lose? ? still, the lack of empathy among groups is surprising. There are some problems with the Outsider USA book, but it is important if for no other reason than it makes us realize we have a great deal in common with ?other? people, and that all of those people we believe will think badly of us ? are US! With few exceptions, we are ALL in at least one outsider group ? and we are running around doing this exclusion number on one another. We are the oppressed and, also, the oppressors. Chicanos may look down on Blacks, Blacks on Chicanos, Mexican-Americans on Puerto Ricans, Puerto Ricans on Mexican-Americans; U.S. ethnic groups on ?foreigners?; skinny people on fat people, old people on young people, straights on gays; people with mental problems on ethnic group members; and almost everyone else on them. It?s endless. It reminds me of the old Kingston Trio song that goes something like, ?The whole world is festering with unhappy souls, the French hate the Germans, the Germans hate the Poles; South Africans hate the Yugoslavs, and somebody (I can?t remember who) hates the Dutch; and I don?t like anybody very much?? Somehow we go around thinking ?other people? are hating us or are threatening to us; in fact, some people are doing just that ? but they are doing it at least in part because they are trying to avoid calling attention to or feeling totally inadequate about their own peculiarities. A song from the play ?South Pacific,? sung by a soldier (another ?outsider?) who fell in love with a Polynesian woman (another one), says, ?You?ve got to be taught to hate and fear, you?ve got to be taught from year to year?to hate all the people your relatives hate; you?ve got to be carefully taught.? And that?s what we do: generation by generation, year by year, we teach our children to be afraid of people ?whose eyes are oddly made? or who don?t act quite like we do. And, we fret about ourselves. In fact, the ironic part to me is that I can?t think of anyone who not only isn?t some kind of ?outsider? but also, who doesn?t suffer in some way from worrying about it. As I said, among my own friends, the worries sound the same. Many people seem to slip around and see a therapist on the side to talk about their own fear of not being what they think they should be ? to please a father or husband, to win all of the time, or whatever. However, until the last one drops, they will persist with their ?normaler than thou? attitude and cling to some neurotic need to be one up on somebody else. The sociology book defines ?outsider? as a member of an ?out-group? which society relegates to a social status that is generally perceived as undesirable. Also, the society places restriction son the freedom of these people to pursue many basic life goals. In sociological theory, the term outsider dates back at least to William Graham Sumner in his discussion of ?primitive societies.? ?A differentiation arises between ourselves, the we-group, or in-group, and everybody else, or the others-group, out-groups. The insiders in a we-group are in a relation of peace, order, law, government, and industry, to each other. Their relation to all outsiders, or others-groups, is one of war and plunder, except as agreements have modified it...,? he said. We are all too familiar with the above definition as it relates to ?foreigners,? people we may literally ?war and plunder?; but we may not so easily recognize the definition as something we do to one another everyday. What the cartoon character, Pogo, said seems to be true: ?We have met the enemy and he is us.? Cruelty to each other, is war and plunder of another kind but, sadly, it is war and plunder, nevertheless. Building Lifeboats (September/October 1985) When you go to a hospital for an operation these days, it?s likely that a doctor or nurse will talk you through the entire procedure beforehand, like a rehearsal. Everyone is afraid of the unknown and health professionals have discovered that guiding people through a worry session ahead of time helps them relax. The key is to give people enough pieces of knowledge that they can build a mental lifeboat to put all the newness in as they flow into the sea of the unknown. The same theory can work just as well if the unknown happens to be an operating room, a new school, the future ? or a new culture. This past summer I went to Honolulu, to the Institute of Culture and Communication at the East-West Center, where they are building similar kinds of lifeboats for people who live and work either abroad or with people from cultures other than their own. At the Center, U.S. and Asian researchers and students are working on cross-cultural training techniques that will help people live, without too much culture shock, anywhere in the world ? a vast and varied sea if there ever was one. The East-West Center is a fascinating place. There are several hundred people, living and working together on projects having to do with communication, culture learning, food, the environment, technology, population, and other development-related issues. The people are different, the projects are different; and, yet, everyone there has a common purpose. I?m not sure exactly what it is but it has to do with trying to improve the world a little bit by doing something practical. It is a research institute but also accepts students (of all ages), from all over the world. About one-third of the participants are from the U.S. Most of the participants at this particular workshop have jobs teaching other people how to adjust to a new culture or how to live in greater harmony with people form varied backgrounds. Two men from the Philippines work with Amer-Asian refugee children who are coming to the States. Several work with business people, Peace Corps volunteers, international students, and others who are living abroad. Some have jobs helping people learn to cope in multicultural environments. Two Washington, D.C. area police officers (one Thai and one Hispanic) and a social worker work as a team to help police and school personnel (not to mention citizens) function in this county where there are 115 culture groups ? all with a first language other than English ? trying to get along. For a couple of days two researchers who have similar jobs in the Israeli school system talked to participants about the difficulties of creating an environment where Israeli and Arab children can go to school together. There was a Japanese psychiatrist who has many international clients; a woman who lives in New Guinea translating the Bible; a German woman teaching the German language in Japan; a Dutch woman who works with new immigrants in The Netherlands; a professional dancer from Malaysia who is interested in communicating nonverbally across cultures. And, of course, there was me: who thinks that since the media act as filters between most people and their image of themselves and the world, we?d better find ways to use them in a culture awareness effort. People don?t learn things like respect for varied opinions, a willingness to learn new things, openness, tolerance, and a lowered need to be judgmental as easily as they might learn the multiplication tables. Realizing in your gut that the way of life you learned as a kid is not the one and only way to live is scary to most people. Prying yourself off that rock of unchanging ?fact,? and braving yet another ?sea of unknown? involves risk, as well as opportunity and excitement. Cross-cultural training (and simply an awareness of the similarities and interconnections among all people and cultures) can be a most welcome lifeboat for people entering anew environment. Hearing second-hand about the workshop isn?t nearly as much fun as going to Honolulu and experiencing it yourself, but I want to share just a bit of what I learned. Researchers have identified at least 12 measurable results of even a minimal amount of cross-cultural training. The first five are ways people?s thinking changes by being sensitized to cultural awareness materials (cognitive); the next three are ways people?s feelings change (affective); and the last four are ways their behavior changes. After training, when you interact with people from another culture (including people other than you in your own environment) you tend to have: Greater understanding of issues from other people?s points of view;A decrease in the use of negative stereotypesMore development of complex rather than over-simplified thinking (meaning you will take a variety of points of view into account and have broader categories of acceptability);More highly developed world-mindedness (you will read more international news or information that doesn?t just fit into what you already think; you will see more connections between you and the rest of nature?s systems);And a greater understanding of what ?culture? is.Affective changes are:More enjoyment interacting with people who are different from youIncreased feeling that you have a good working (or studying, etc.) relationship in your environment andA real and deep feeling for the concept of cultural relativity. (Not just a cognitive knowledge that there ARE other ways of life but a real feeling of taking other sets of standards into account to understand those other ways, and emotional knowledge that other people are not inferior because they happen to be different from you.)And behavioral changes are:Better interpersonal relationships in heterogeneous work groups ? both from your point of view and from the point of view of the people with whom you are working. Better adjustments to everyday stresses and better performance with respect to behaviors that are specific to the particular culture you are in Greater ease interacting with people from the other culture, as perceived by them; and Better ability to set realistic goals.The purpose of cross-cultural training is not to minimize the differences that exist among people. Differences are assumed. The goal of cross-cultural training is to reduce our personal problems with the differences. Research has shown people who learn to live beyond their one, given cultural frame of reference, in the long run, tend to become much more creative. They have a kind of hybrid energy that shows in their work and in their lives. They internalize feelings of cultural relativity and connectedness. They are much less authoritarian and rigid. And, they have greater need for achievement. The last result may be the most important: if one?s job is to build mental boats that will help people incorporate these kinds of changes into their own lives, they will need all of the achievement motivation they can muster. Models & Metaphors ( October/November 1985) Another list of ?Most Admired? people in America was broadcast over the radio not long ago and, for some reason, I couldn?t dismiss it like I usually can. It?s unsettling to me that America chooses only ?headline grabbers,? like politicians, movie stars, Nancy Reagan, and Lee Iacocca, for it?s heroes and heroines. I?m troubled not so much by any particular person on the list but, rather, by what the choices seem to say about our inability to appreciate people who are subtle or ambiguous. It?s as if we don?t discriminate color beyond black, white, and day-glo orange. Does it follow that articulate speakers are the people we should be listening to? Think of your own classes: a few people may do most of the talking, but do they have anything to say? To me, the worrisome part is that these compulsive classroom talkers are the same kind of people who infiltrate our lives simply by demanding the spotlight. SO what? Although most of us realize these list are composed of ?most familiar? rather than those truly ?most admired,? the people on them get to become our role models. It is their values, beliefs, and behaviors that start to seem normal or desirable. Every day in this country hundreds of people go bankrupt in their frenzied efforts to follow the styles they see glamorized on television, for example. We want to dress, smell, play, act, and, putting them on ?most admired? status indicates, even think like the people we ?admire?. This isn?t an indictment against the media as much as it is a tentative argument for people some of us might think of as ?more admirable? to speak up. I realize there is a possible contradiction: much of what we value in certain people is reflected in their quietness. They may be dignified, perhaps brilliant; they may be fueled by some thing other than neuroses or ego need; they might be exactly the people we should have as role models ? and most of us have never heard of them. Bear with me a moment: ?From the time we are infants we construct our world through metaphor,? said language scholar and professor of theology Sallie McFague. ?That is, just as young children learn the meaning of the color red by finding the thread of similarity through many dissimilar objects (red ball, red apple, red cheeks), so we constantly ask when we do not know how to think about something, ?What is it like??? ?Far from being an esoteric or ornamental rhetorical device superimposed on ordinary language, metaphor is ordinary language. It is the way we think.? Most simply, a metaphor tries to talk about the unknown in terms of the known. If I don?t know what ?this? is I relate it to something I know and say, ?well, it?s like that.? Through this kind of thinking we recognize relationships between everything and everything else. Literary critic John Middleton Murry said, ??metaphor appears as the instinctive and necessary act of the mind exploring reality and ordering experience.? Since we don?t know who to be without making associations any more than we know what to think without them, we use other people to model ourselves after; and, what I?m wondering is, in that senses, are individual people metaphors, too? If there is anything to the idea of order in the universe, it seems possible to think of individual people, and other things as well, as metaphors ? billions of little ?this? ? level metaphors for one bit ?That.? I don?t mean this in a Christian, symbolic sense but more in the sense that the subatomic process, cells, brains and fingernails are part of the body (and vice versa). That said, however, it is not surprising that the teacher of Christianity chose parables (extended metaphors) through which to instruct. If metaphors are the way we think and order our experience, then they are the obvious choice; and that fact has not been lost to other great teachers. Jesus used parables; Buddhists use koans and sutras; Taoists read from the metaphorical Tao Te Ching; and so on. Even fairy tales and literary and psychological archetypes are kinds of metaphorical teachings about natural/human patterns, or ?threads of similar among the dissimilar.? Some say the biblical parables are Jesus? metaphors for living and Jesus, himself, is a parable for God. Again, you don?t need to use a Christian example; perhaps Jesus, Buddha, even you and I (and other things as well) are all various levels of metaphors for an unimaginable, moving and changing, interconnected whole we call (variously) God, Tao, Brahman, Dharmakaya, ?suchness,? Ultimate reality, and so on. You are undoubtedly correct if you think you and I aren?t on the level of Jesus or Buddha ? but, in fact, we do give more status and influence to a few of our motley fellows, and this is where we get back to ?most admired? lists. In science as well as in the humanities, a ?model? (a scale model or an analogy, for example) is what we use as the filter to help us organize our thoughts about a less familiar subject by seeing it in terms of a more familiar one, said McFague. ?The simplest way to define a model is as a dominant metaphor, a metaphor with staying power,? she said. ?Metaphors are usually the work of an individual, a flash of insight which is often passing. But some metaphors gain wide appeal and become major ways of structuring and ordering experience.? If we think of individual pieces of life, including people, as similarily passing ?flashes? of an unknown whole, then perhaps certain individuals and the qualities they represent become various levels of metaphors with ?staying power.? They become models. Role models. People we might recognize as ?good examples,? ?role models,? ?metaphors with staying power? include Jesus and Buddha; also in modern times, people like Martin Luther King and Ghandi. We all have our list, and the people on them are chosen by us. With the tremendous speed of communication and change, today we can no longer rely on the age-old tradition of waiting around to see which individual metaphors are going to survive to make good models for us. The media make people instant celebrities and a whole society can adopt their habits and values the way it changes it?s fashions: quickly and without much thought. I?m not sure that it?s safe in a world that can move so rapidly. A society seems to take on the personality of valued people within it. Lists of ?most admired? represent certain values; so, even if we don?t share the values ? if we do nothing to counter them in some way ? they may come to dominate our cultural personality long enough to lead us in directions we don?t want ot go. A practical problem is that the media like people who are headline grabbers and Time, for example, creates the current admired lists. One suggestion might be to encourage other people to select a list of admired people now and then. If groups of scientists, garment workers, and PTA members created their own lists, at least we would see more diversity. At the very least, if we recognize that we choose our heroes and heroines (i.e. models for living) based on mere familiarity and name recognition and if we pattern our lives on the values those people reflect ? then we ought to pay better attention to the people on whom we turn our spotlights. Following the Leader (November/December 1985) ?Is he for real?? was a question asked of me when I returned from listening to Chippewa medicine man and philosopher, Sun Bear, speak about the ?Path to Power? in Manhattan recently. I answered that he seemed about as real as people get; and what I meant was, yes, I believed he was a ?real? Native American medicine man, expressing ?real,? even vital truths. He seemed disarmingly genuine. Still, I understood the reason for the skeptical question; I had skeptical reactions myself. I find that I feel leery about anyone with a message to give me, and I think Sun Bear, whose creed stresses balance, would understand my two sets of reactions to his lecture. I could not possibly agree more with Sun Bear?s message: respect the Earth, become aware you are interconnected with everything else, beware of conditioning, avoid trying to control and dominate things, find your own best purpose in life. So why the hesitancy to endorse him whole-heartedly to the ?doubting Thomas?? I think basically it is because I agree with Sun Bear too much: and to follow Sun bear?s advice would lead us not down Sun Bear?s ?path?, but along our own. I admit some of my reservations say more about me than about anything Sun Bear said. I found him to be one of the most benign authority figures I?ve ever seen. I?m just leery of any authority. In this particular case, every one of my skeptical reactions to Sun Bear?s visit ? with Manhattanites spending the weekend at Council Grove making medicine wheels, sweating in sweat lodges, chanting, passing ceremonial pipes, and learning Native American ways ? was met with positive counterpoints within my own mind. Let me give you some examples: First Thought: I would have felt phony, or somehow counterfeit, out at Council Grove Lake following Sun Bear in Native American Indian rituals; like an intruder; like I was ?laying Indian.? I respect Native American spirituality very much, and I?m not an Indian. Counterpoint: Don?t be so closed-minded! We always feel uncomfortable at first, like we ?don?t belong,? in an unfamiliar setting. But that?s not excuse; if we never venture out of our own tiny world we will miss out on too much. Second reaction: I felt guarded against ?being taken in.? Sun Bear was selling a philosophy, plus several tables full of books and other paraphernalia to go with it, and most of us over 12-years-old have seen too many ?medicine shows? ? from cults to pet rocks to cancer cures ? not to be cautious when anyone marches into ?River City? selling his own version of a band. I had the same reaction in Vatican City with every other person selling ?authentic rosaries blessed by the Pope.? Counterpoint: This is simple economics. How would Sun Bear feed himself, let alone do some of the work he does, it he didn?t have some kind of for-profit activity? It doesn?t make his spiritual teachings less valid. And his need to share the lessons with other people doesn?t necessarily make him less trustworthy. Third reaction: The audience. Ever since I first saw otherwise sane people completely losing themselves over some rock star or guru, I?ve been put off by ?groupies.? All famous people or people with strong messages acquire a sort of natural interest group that flocks around them. It makes me want to run the other way. Not that this particular crowd did anything besides be polite and buy a few books, because it didn?t ? which leads me to the ? Counterpoint: people miss out on too much of life if they never ?join in? on anything. Also, I know tremendous good can also come from the power of a group. I have felt the energy that can fill a room where a group of people are doing something as simple as singing together. Still, there is a fine but crucial line between joining in and losing your identity, be it to the Beatles, to Jim Jones, to a political philosophy, or to Sun Bear. The next reaction: has to do with resenting public displays of things that seem private. Jesus bumper stickers, ying-yang t-shirts, even some public rituals irritate me because such displays take something important and treat it like any other fad. They take something personal and complex and treat it with pop culture superficiality. Although I agree that spirituality should be practiced with openness and humor, I think to no greater or lesser degree than, say, giving birth, dying or making love. Counterpoint: Don?t be such a stuffed shirt! Modern Western culture is so removed from the earth, and nature and the unconscious and spirituality, we need all the ritual we can get. If someone wants to wear their personal philosophy on their sleeve to fee connected with that, what?s the harm? Lastly: the whole idea of masters and gurus makes me nervous. As someone said, ?Dominance or submission, which is either being an authority or obeying one, cuts off learning.? Real learning, really, ?finding your own path,? or way, occurs only when we are all learners and all teachers. ?Even a stone is a teacher,? East Indian spirituality says, and I know Native American Indian spirituality agrees. All knowledge is provisional and temporary, and so is all authority. Counterpoint: ?I want my brain surgeon trained.? Granted, some kinds of knowledge can be ?mastered,? and our cultures could not continue if some reasonably stable bodies of knowledge weren?t passed down. My impression is that Sun Bear finds himself in the paradoxical, if not downright embarrassing, position of appearing as the authority whose message is ? don?t listen to authorities but, instead try to become conscious of your own way. Respect the universe, ?walk in balance on Earth Mother,? find your place in the Great Mystery, and don?t lose yourself to some temporal authority. Who can argue with that? Most of us need to re-learn about our kinship with one another, and the animals and plants, and earth. Maybe Native Americans like Sun Bear can help us discover our own way. Being a Choice Maker (December 1985) I know this will be hard to imagine, coming from a short, modestly talented female who grew up in an era when women played half-court basketball, had absolutely no institutional money allotted to their teams, and whose friends and families thought we were slightly deranged for wanting to play sports at all ? but I was a junior in college before I realized I could do anything except play sports. No one ever slapped me on the back and said ?Good going!? when I finished reading a book like they did when I threw someone out at first. No one ever bragged on me for being ?a natural? at anything else in the world like they did when I made 10 points in a row in volleyball. There was no camaraderie or mutual support among the students in any of my classes like there was on my basketball team. It was my coaches, not my teachers or any other adults, who ever mentioned I might have leadership potential. No wonder I liked sports better than anything else in did. No wonder I felt better about myself in the gym or on the field than I did anywhere else. And no wonder I didn?t even consider a career path except ?something in sports? until I was halfway through college. I was at a Thanksgiving dinner recently for some of the freshman athletes at K-State and began thinking about these things when I heard coaches saying the same things to these young athletes, just beginning their college years, that mine once said to me. I also wondered where I would be today if I had unconditionally believed them?as wonderful as they were and as much as I (and everyone else) needs that kind of encouragement?where would I be today if my image of myself had frozen right there? I am serious when I say that I didn?t know I had other interests until I was 18-years old. I hadn?t had the time to notice; I was too busy playing. And no one else thought to mention them either (or at least I didn?t hear them). I know we all have parents or others who tell us we should have ?interests,? but I can?t remember anyone ever talking about where interests come from. How do we get them? It?s as if each of us will be given interests at some point in our life; maybe they will fall out of the sky, and, thereafter, we will ?be interested in? geology or animals or geophysics. As I sat there listening to the coaches tell these athletes how great they are, I had mixed feelings. Part of me said, ?I miss this kind of acknowledgement and encouragement! We ALL need coaches in our lives.? I thought of how nice it would be if more of what passes for teaching (and even parenting) could take the form of coaching ? when some one is there, on our team, helping us develop our potential ? instead of, as many adults do, setting themselves so above and apart that they feel more like the opposition than people with a common purpose. But something else in me wanted to stand up and say, ?Wait! You have other parts of yourselves besides an athletic part. Don?t be lulled into thinking you can neglect to build other interests along the way.? Every one of us can do more than the one or two things other people notices, whether it is being a good athlete, a pretty face of a juvenile delinquent. But our society has this finicky habit of wanting to put us in a slot and keep us there so it can see our role and stop wondering about us. It works like those hand-held games where BB?s roll around and fall into little holes. Young people (and nonconformists of any age) are like BB?s rolling around the world, and they bother other people who like to have everything in place. So, for example, people said about me, ?Susan?s a good athlete.? Plop! Into the slot, or ?Joe is a bookworm.? Plop! And we?re stuck. Predictable. Other people, even our coaches, can tell us we need to develop our ?total person? but by then who?s listening? For me, it took a couple of fairly radical shakes of my mental BB box before I started to believe I could move around, that I had other skills, and there were other places I might fit. I wanted to tell the athletes at the dinner that, right now, they are pigeonholed in a slot called ?student athlete.? It?s their first big ?Plop!? they will be treated with special care, for awhile, and, because much of that attention is positive they will be rewarded with a chance for development and confidence building that most non-athletes never experience. ?But don?t stop changing!? I wanted to say. ?Student athlete? (or even the highly unlikely ?professional athlete?) is a very tiny hole to be stuck into for a lifetime. Developing the other interests is the key. It took getting injured to make me realize I had to branch out. Of course I was clever enough to know I would not be a professional athlete or an Olympic star (most female athletes don?t hold to those kinds of delusions like male athletes do), but I didn?t know what else to do with myself for the simple reason that I had always been too occupied doing my life to care that I might need other interests. The second major change in my own life came when I traveled to the U.S.S.R. at age 18 and became fascinated with the ways people are so much alike yet so different. I wondered how it happened, and that new curiosity led me to a real interest. I began looking and reading and finding some answers, which led to spin-off interests, and so on. Interests began to evolve but only after I began prying myself out of what seemed a ?natural slot.? I don?t mean to say that we need to force ourselves into new interests or out of old ones before we?re ready. Pushing life around indiscriminately and trying to control it too much doesn?t work any better than trying to force a shot in basketball. There is a natural flow and a sense of timing in life just like there is in a game, and perceiving our own way comes with practice. What I?m saying, instead, is that we can?t let other people, cultural conventions or our own lack of imagination allow us to get stuck in our first and easiest slot. We can learn the skills of choicemaking in life ? with practice ? just as we learned the skill of playmaking in a game. One, Two, Three ? Slide (February 1986)I won an award recently for the writing of this column. It was from the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education (CASE), a national group of university publications people. I am happy about the award for several reasons, among them: Alliance is a model for giving voice to some often silent ideas and people, and that?s important; and ?Global Alliance? is experimenting with ways to uncover connections and improve cultural awareness, and that is important. I joked to my friends after winning the award that I was philosophically opposed to comparing yourself with others, but ?if you do it, it?s nice to win.? However, I still think ?The Desiderata? says it best: ?Do not compare yourself with others or you will become vain or bitter.? I?ve noticed that comparing myself with others fouls me up every time. Just think about it. If you begin to feel underprivileged because your friend has a new car and you don?t, or you resent it when someone else receives an award, grade, or promotion you thought you should have won, what is your comparison accomplishing besides taking your mind off the business of living right now, by making you bitter? ON the other hand, if you wear great clothes, drive a Porsche, or win prizes for your essays, and you begin to think you are pretty hot stuff, undoubtedly hotter stuff than so-and-so, what?s your comparison achieving besides taking your mind off the business of living right now, by making you vain? Margaret Mead commented that America may not have a true ?class system,? but it does have a ?pecking order.? And its? true that most of us are trained to try to beat everyone and win all of the time because our system traditionally rewards the most aggressive chicken in the barn yard. It?s true that we all ?win come and lose some?; we may be winning in some parts of our life and at the same time not doing so well at all in others; also there are times when on one should ?win,? or rather when we should find ways by which everyone can win. A couple of weeks ago two semi-truck drivers were killed when they collided head-on as they met on a narrow bridge in southeast Kansas. I cringed when I realized the two drivers could have failed to ?yield? out of what in another setting would be praised as ?stick-to-it-iveness.? The males in our American society (particularly) are locked into a sports metaphor thinking ??if you win, I lose? ? that I could imagine each of those drivers refusing to give way, just so he wouldn?t have to ?lose.? And the same terrible scenario could be written about the international arms race. There are some things about which we all need to win, by cooperating together. However, in our day-to-day lives we do get compared with others all of the time, and most of us go along hoping patiently for a win. We?re like Charlie Brown in the ?Peanuts? cartoon when someone says to him, ?remember Charlie Brown, sometimes you win and sometimes you lose.? Charlie Brown sighs and says, ?Gee, that would be nice.? Winning this writing prize also made me remember something I learned from, of all things, bowling. I grew up playing sports and, although I wasn?t Billie Jean King on the court or Lynette Woodard on the other court, I was good enough that occasionally I would decide I was better than just about anybody ? and suddenly I couldn?t? do a thing! Or, if for some reason I would make a mistake (miss, simply miss!, a grounder to short, say), I would decide I was terrible, worse than anybody else ? and begin to make even more errors. Vain or bitter. Comparing myself to others. Bad form. I learned that the way to get myself back into the game, back into the proper frame of mind to proceed, was to concentrate on the style and form of the activity itself: in bowling it goes, ?One, Two, Three ? Slide.? Follow through. Keep your eye on the ball. Push off with two hands. Don?t try to kill it. Be here now. You need to be selective about your passions, but then focus on the work, itself; fit yourself into the flow of it, and ignore the audience and the effect. It has worked enough times for me that here I am, years later, applying the ?One, Two, Three ? Slide? rule again. I?m much too superstitious to either brag or complain too much about anything because I know the game goes on, and equilibrium will have its way. Not too many students take the time to come into my office and say they either read or don?t read Alliance. Coincidentally, on the very day I learned about the award, a young woman came in to give me a poem by Alice Walker that expressed her feelings about my writing. The students? acknowledgement meant as much or more as the professional one. The poem, ?representing the Universe,? goes like this: There are five people in this room Who still don?t know what I?m saying. ?What is she saying?? They?re asking. ?What is she doing here?? It is not enough to be interminable; One must also be precise.Alice walker has been plugging away long enough, motivated form somewhere within, knowing what it?s like to have everyone wonder what she is ?doing here,? that I?ll bet she is saying her own version of ?One, Two, Three ? Slide? right now ? enjoying, but not getting too ?big headed? about her current recognition. She knows ?precision can get you noticed now and again, perhaps, but it is the ?interminable? quality one most needs to make it in this world. Do the work. Concentrate on the form. Those five people are always in the room. From a Program: ?Living Ethical Wills? (March 1986) In the series of books that begins Hitchhiker?s Guide to the Galaxy, one of the goals is to find the answer to ?life, the universe, and everything.? At some point, the characters discover the answer is ?42? but they have to keep searching, because, then, they can?t decide what the question is?. That?s how I felt trying to define my ?guiding principles for life? for a program I participated in recently. I?ve been to several of these sessions and people leave wonderful things like justice and hope. Every time, I come away thinking ?yes, that?s good, I?d leave that too.? And that and that. But the problem of leaving only good, without any balance, worried me. Also, I discovered I have too little faith in doctrine of ANY sort to leave in my will even some that I am currently fond of. I found I had to think about the bequest in various lengths of time. In the short-term I can come up with daily, even generational, kinds of goals, but in the long term I can?t do it. Specific answers sound to me like the Hitchhiker?s answers, ?42? ? and I don?t know the proper, future questions. So, this is what I ended up with: In the long term (figured in hundreds of years and on), I?d leave to humanity a free-functioning unconscious world (Nature), with respectful short-term considerations and freedom, or (the continuation of a free-functioning universe) in the human world, (understanding that the two are not really separate). In the mid-term, I?d leave all people a ?universal knowledge that our welfare depends on the welfare of other people, nature, the whole). In the short-term, I?d leave whatever it takes (that is within the holistic framework) to bring about the long-term goals. Right now, that means, primarily, removing obstacles to freedom (through educational, political and other means), with the goal of evolving a world safe for the essential differences that freedom would allow. The only working ?doctrine? I?d leave is that we all acquire a perspective on all of the other doctrines ? and then share it with a friend. In the move ?out of Africa,? the heroine builds a dam to provide water for her coffee plantation and it pays off for awhile, even though the Africans tried to tell her all along that ?that water lives in Mombassa.? Eventually, the rains become too forceful and the woman is wise enough (has a humble enough perspective) to let it go? The point is there is not way we can alter the system (beyond the short-term) to contain only ?good? without interrupting the natural patterning of the universe, and destroying exactly what we had hoped to improve. We have to accept what we call ?bad? because good and bad are really aspects of one whole, just as ?front? and ?back? are part of one body. Today the problem is obvious: human beings have the power to build dams that won?t break, at least they won?t break in benign ways. And I mean that as a metaphor for many kinds of obstacles to freedom. We invent creeds that seem correct, even holy. We think we define scientific truth. Still, my own conviction is that even our attempts to control life in the name of what someone has defined as ?good? are doomed. The universe will balance things out. Mt. St. Helens and the space shuttle accident could be read as warnings about the kind of human arrogance that attempts to dominate instead of collaborate (what?s a little ice compared to technology?). Humans don?t need to stop offering creative input ? we are part of the system, too ? we just need to stop trying to push it around so much. At our little moment in the history of the world I think our goal as conscious human beings has to be to help ensure essential diversity by helping remove many of the short-sighted ?dams in the river? (political, intellectual, spiritual restrictions), most of which we have created, ourselves ? not add to them. If we continue to push the universe around to meet our parochial human vision (if we destroy forests and habitat; use nuclear power thoughtlessly: become so biologically and intellectually specialized or homogenized that we lose our ability to adapt?) the world will provide us with something continually bigger ? a vast environmental disaster, even nuclear war, EVEN the demise of the human species ? because ?the water lives in Mombassa.? We humans are only a part of an interconnectedness and interdependent universe, not its master. My hope is that if people develop a larger perspective, become aware of the interconnectedness and recognize the interdependence of all seemingly separate parts of the universe ? and if we are free to function, unobstructed by all of the various oppressions; then, I think the world will go along okay, in some kind of ultimate balance. By ?okay,? I mean for the survival of the species ? and, since we are the species that appears to have the consciousness, it means that we will have helped it work out for the rest of the world, too. There is a story about a farmer whose horse ran away. That evening his neighbors gathered to commiserate with him since it was such bad luck, and the farmer just said to them, ?maybe.? The next day the horse returned but brought six wild horses with it and then all the neighbors came over telling him what great luck he was having, and the farmer just said, ?maybe.? The following day, the farmer?s son tried to ride one of the wild horses and broke his leg. Again the neighbors came to offer sympathy for his misfortunes and the farmer again said, ?maybe.? The day after that a messenger came saying the son had been drafted into the military, but because of the broken leg he was rejected. When the neighbors came in to say how fortunate he was the farmer said, ?maybe.? I?m not telling the story because it is funny, but because it illustrates how the universe just rolls on ? with what we perceive of, at limited moments, as good or bad. The farmer isn?;t being passive or fatalistic; he just has a broader perspective than his neighbors, and he sees that his own place is the cyclical process that is ?life, the universe, and everything? is as a collaborator, not a controller. It amazes me that all of the patterned trends and events of the world balance out and come together like they do. But they do. People didn?t know much about the world or their place in it for most of human history. They were almost totally limited to the ever-evolving but essentially fragmented knowledge of their immediate surroundings. Anything broader was left to mystics and poets. Although the universe (all of us, the plants, animals, rocks, air?) has always been interconnected and interdependent, people didn?t know it and, in fact, didn?t need to know it because they were not in direct contact with threatening kinds of diversity and none f them yet possessed the ability to greatly impact the earth, let alone cause it irreversible harm. We live in a new world today. Transportation and communication systems have brought the peoples of the world into direct contact; technology has given us greater powers than the unconscious system can regulate; and, for the first time in the history of the world, it is vital to our survival that as many people as possible become conscious of their interdependence ? not just with other peoples but with the natural world. Luck for us, at the same moment that human consciousness has evolved to the place that it can destroy the earth (suddenly making our fragmented perception too limited), it has also evolved to the point that he broad, holistic, relativistic, futuristic perspective we need is also available. A Path of the Heart (April 1986)Several years ago I was visiting with the mother of a friend about things we liked to do. Sometimes I still think about her saying, ?I?m good at volleyball? and then reflecting fondly for a few seconds and adding, ?I love volleyball.? I think of it every time I hear someone bemoaning something that they are ?bad at? or loving something they are ?good at.?The number of things in the world to be good and bad at must be infinite. And because we are individuals who perceive the world uniquely, we also have a wide range of ways of responding to the environment and expressing ourselves. In other words, there are ?all different kinds? in the world; and what I hope to say, here, is that ?it takes all kinds,? too. What becomes confusing is that although most people acknowledge that it takes all kinds, society seems to consider valuable only a limited range of them. I have no idea that each of us has a special talent. At least we have some part of us that if we work hard, we can develop into a comfortably fitting as well as fertile interchange between ourselves and the world.Michael Landon (of ?Bonanza? and ?Little House on the Prairie? fame) said to Johnny Carson one night that when he was in high school he was small and shy and didn?t think he could ?throw a javelin farther than anyone else in the school.? That gave him something to be good at and he was able to turn ?loving the javelin? into an expression of himself that he could nurture. Some people have learned to recognize their natural strengths. They are good with numbers or they have a nice voice. And since society also recognizes those particular things as valuable the people are encouraged to develop them.Many of us, on the other hand, seem to be ?naturally good at? more invisible and less marketable things, like maybe being a good listener or being the one who is always first to spot a deer on a summer vacation. The problem, of course, is that our society doesn?t recognize these kinds of natural talents as being as worthy as the others and tends to dismiss them.People who are naturally inclined toward things that allow them to more readily comprehend the world in analytical and logical ways are more appreciated by our society than those people who perceive in a more intuitive fashion. These categories of things to be good at and not good at correlate with what we now call left-brain and right-brain thinking. The left brain is the side that controls our intellect and the right brain is the side that controls our intuition. As with the use of our hands (which, by the way, are controlled by the opposite side of the brain) both hemispheres are developed but one more so than the other. The left brain is associated with those things our society tends to value such as lineal, rational, sequential, objective thinking; and also with things verbal, conscious, cognitive, masculine, and positive. The right brain is associated with nonlineal, subjective, holistic, nonverbal thinking; and also with emotion, unconscious, affective, feminine things and the negative pole. Oddly, it isn?t even logical for society to let itself become so out of balance ? but that?s the way it is.?The heart has its reasonWhich reason does not understand.? (Blaise Pascal) ?There appears to be two modes of thinking, verbal and nonverbal, represented rather separately in left and right hemispheres, respectively, and that our educational system, as well as science in general, tends to neglect the nonverbal form of intellect,? brain researcher Roger Sperry said. ?What it comes down to is that modern society discriminates against the right hemisphere.? As Rodney Dangerfield might say, the right brain, ?gets no respect.? Words and phrases concerning concepts of left and right permeate our language and thinking. The right hand (meaning also the left hemisphere) is strongly connected with what is good, just, moral, proper. The left hand (therefore the right hemisphere) is strongly linked with concepts of anarchy and feelings that are out of conscious control ? somehow bad, immoral, dangerous, said a course of enhancing creative and artistic confidence. In this society we shake hands with the right, the place of honor at a formal dinner is at the right, the groom in a marriage ceremony stands on the right, and parents and teachers until not so long ago tried to force left-handed children to use their right hands. My point is that as a society we are still forcing millions of people naturally inclined toward things ?left-handed? to feel inferior to the ?righies?; and, also, as individuals we are still refusing to allow our own right brain perceptions to develop. Our existing social/economic structure rewards left-brain, abilities almost exclusively and consequently, may people fall into the trap of believing they can?t contribute if they don?t force themselves into those ways of perceiving and responding to the world that actually represent at the best half of the range of human possibilities. People who make extremely valuable contributions at invisible, low status and poorly paid kinds of activities are made to feel like failures because they don?t happen to fit the narrow mold society decided was marketable. Add sex role stereotyping and you begin to see the complexity of choosing things like careers. What we need, of course, in ourselves and our society is a balance between the two complementary modes. Nature knew we needed these two ways of perceiving reality all along. Counting, planning step-by-step, verbalizing and figuring-out are crucial ? but so are imagining, ?seeing? patterns, recognizing ambiguity, making connections, and creating new combinations of ideas. In ancient Taoist philosophy, the let mode is the ?yang? and the right mode is the ?yin.? But in the whole, the Tao, they are one. My personal bias is to resent the fact that so many, many people are discouraged from ?going with their strengths? and instead are made to feel they have to change their personality to ?be successful.? Going with a particular strength doesn?t mean that the accompanying talent will be any easier to develop. And it could prove to be even more difficult to live with since it may challenge traditional roles or measures of success. But following a more natural inclination could mean the difference between becoming a more fully-functioning person and contributing member of society ?in the wrong clothes,? and a person ?dressed for success? with nothing of him/herself to share. Psychiatrist Jean Bolen said, ?I feel that one must deliberate and then act, must scan every life choice with rational thinking but then base the decision on whether one?s heart will be in it. No other person can tell you if your heart is involved, and logic cannot provide an answer.? We and our society need to work on developing that part of ourselves that could recognize what our heart tells us when it ?speaks?. We may look more intelligent in class if we know how to form a logical argument and are highly verbal but where would we be without those among us who relate to the world through color and light, who can see relationships between things and who are sensitive to people?s feelings? Society pushes left-brain values down our throats (or tries to) by paying more money and offering more prestige for some talents than for others. Still, the world would be in much better shape if people were encouraged to ?go with their strengths? ? in all diversity that would bring. What if our veins were to decide they didn?t get enough status and would henceforth become lungs? We?d die and so will our society unless we allow the intuitive sides of ourselves and the intuitive people in our world to grow and contribute. ?What if They Had a New Age and Nobody Came?? (May 1986) While feeding sweet potatoes to monkeys on a Japanese island, scientists discovered an amazing thing about the adoption of new ideas. They taught a number of monkeys how to prepare the potatoes and, at some point, all of a sudden, all of the monkeys in the tribe began exhibiting the behavior ? without being taught. There is a book about this research called The Hundredth Monkey, and its thesis is that when awareness of an idea reaches some critical level, it spreads almost by itself. We think of these as ?ideas whose time has come.? In the society of people, sharing new ideas is somewhat more complex however, and I want to make two points about it: one, in this world where we are all members of one global ?tribe,? individuals do make a difference because for one thing we never know when we are the ?hundredth monkey.? And, two, we nevertheless still must make enough people aware of the idea that it is possible for the critical ?99? to adopt it. Further, if we actually want the new idea expeditiously put into practice, the political structure must become involved; and that means a large enough percentage of people need to adopt the idea so they can, in turn, elect representatives who will have similar views. The idea I have in mind involves nothing less than a change in the way we perceive our world. The new idea (that has ancient aspects to it) is loosely referred to as New Age thinking and its goal is to give the world something like a set of bifocal eyeglasses in the hope that we can begin to see a little more expansively and stop tripping over our feet all of the time. This essential notion is that the Earth, along with all of it s inhabitants, will not be safe until we learn to view it, in its essential diversity, as one, interconnected and interdependent whole. I believe in this idea and I believe we need to learn it quickly. So my question becomes ? how do we reach those critical ?99?? It is becoming clear that the information-education needs in today?s world demand a sort of ?new age? approach befitting a New Age. Established schools and media are simply not doing the job. In fact, ninety percent of them (along with churches, family and other institutions) have not yet noticed there is a new job to do. I suppose, after five years of slipping ideas associated with this ?new age? thinking into columns, it is time to own up to my own theoretical frame of reference. It goes like this: Like many, many others, at some time in the late 1960?s after seeing photographs of the Earth in space, it dawned on me that we seem to have been cursed and blessed to be alive at a time in the history of the universe when a global, cultural transformation is struggling to be born that is as vital as anything the world has ever seen, including the agricultural and industrial revolutions. No one can help noticing that we stumble from one ?crisis? to another, but many do not realize the seemingly separate incidents fall into common patterns reflecting reductionist, reactionary thinking. On the brighter side, we may also note that social movement after consciousness-raising movement has come alive during this time but, again, many ? even within the seemingly separate movements ? fail it see that they fall into common patterns foreshadowing more holistic, farsighted thinking. We are witnessing a mighty struggle for balance between inertia and homeostasis from (uniformed and consequently) threatened people and systems and an equally compelling pull from the momentum of the change that has begun. We see this struggle between a fragmented and a holistic way of seeing, daily, in everything from procrastinating homework to political and religious friction. ?The final decade of this century must be shaped by a fundamental shift from a mechanistic, patriarchal world view to a holistic and ecological view if we are to survive,? said Fritjof Capra, physicist and author of The Tao of Physics and Turning Point. ?Our social institutions are now producing the multiple manifestations of global crisis.? ?Though reductionist approaches to the problems of our time blind most of us to sustainable solutions,? he said, ?new ecological visions of reality are emerging, based on awareness of the fundamental interdependence of all phenomena and the embeddedness of individuals and societies in the cyclical process of nature.? Capra is articulating the thoughts of a rapidly increasing number of people who realize the time has come to take a stand, in their own little way ? recycling, nuclear protests, and liberation movements to preventative health and simply thinking and voting ? to nurture this holistic consciousness. In our everyday world, which is a manifestation of the mechanistic, patriarchal world view, we are taught to view the elements of our lives as fragmented pieces that may or may not fit together. Because of our lack of overall context, we never seem to know what is essential and what is detail. SO, like soap opera characters, as individuals and as nations, we rush around with our crisis mentality never quieting ourselves enough to really see that things like a new love, a family fight, the farm crisis, terrorism and even death fit into a larger pattern. It rarely occurs to us that seemingly separate incidents are embedded within something larger and that it is possible to learn the skill of seeing patterns that can add a depth dimension, an orientation, a grounding to our lives. Instead, we go around wondering if ?any of this means anything.? Phrases like ?in the grand scheme of things,? or ?cosmically speaking,? reflect the fact that our minds do possess this integrative capacity, however, and that we do know somewhere in our unconscious that we can ?never do just one thing.? My own question, and actually challenge, to the New Age thinkers has been a version of the slogan, ?what if they had a war and nobody came?? It is, ?what if they had a New Age and nobody came?? In other words, who is working to expose the ideas to the ?99,? which actually translates into millions of people who would never seek out these ideas? Most people have based their lives on the status quo and they have no idea it is in their best interests to acquire this new perspective. Still, the New Age cannot be an exclusive club; it needs to be open to everybody or it will be open for nobody. When I began my own search for such an approach, I began with anthropology because it offered the widest possible ?umbrella? perspective of all the disciplines. In fact, holism, relativism and futurism (if you count a holistic time frame) are basic tenets of anthropology and I soon came to believe that it was this large ?anthropological perspective? that was important rather than the facts of anthropology, per se. Through the raw material of anthropology (i.e. culture) you can begin to see patterns operating within culture and nature that can enlighten you to t holistic worldview and help you realize that diversity and change needn?t be threatening when viewed in context. Patterns in nature, like the paths of the stars and the color wheel, are easier to see but everything from the smallest atom to the galaxies and beyond are embedded in them, also. I used to think of this perspective ? that can change one?s customary way of seeing and open new areas of individual awareness ? as ?applied poetry.? I applied public education and journalism to the experimental approach because of their practical and purposeful ways of reaching people beyond schools, and named the whole idea ?media anthropology.? Recently, I?ve realized that at least for myself, even anthropology isn?t ?big enough.? Today, my personal view is that the ancient Taoist beliefs ? that the universe is one, dynamic, interconnected and interdependent whole; that within this whole all of the phenomena we define from our limited perspectives as creative and destructive are inextricably linked; that there is a non-linear, asymmetrical, organic kind of pattern to it all; and that our life goal is not to control the universe but to go with it in the most clear and creative way possible ? comes closest to providing a holistic, ecological and, ultimately, spiritual underpinning for my interpretation of the new age ideas ? or at least, for my own reality and my work. One fundamental ingredient of the New Age, in this country at any rate, has to be participatory democracy. And, if the voting public is going to be well enough informed-educated to make good choices about our common futures in the crucial years ahead, we need a much better informed-educated general public. As futurist Alvin Toffler said, we need to ?wire more people into the system.? And, as forefather Thomas Jefferson said, ?I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with some discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them but to inform their discretion.? If the seeds of a ?New Age? are going to spread rapidly enough to avoid an ultimate (probably nuclear or ecological) disaster, then some people have to help expose lots of other people to the holistic perspective. If we do, I think we can realize this crisis as an unparalleled opportunity. The Chinese character, ?ji,? which contains the meaning for both crucial point and opportunity, reflects the fact that crises have both positive and negative characteristics. ?They can represent a threat to the status quo but at the same time can be seen as a symptom that something is wrong,? said one New Age writer. A crisis thus may represent an opportunity to correct an imbalance and move on to a new level of organization within ourselves as well as our world. There is some question about funding for Alliance next year so, just in case this is my last chance to say this?..I am deeply grateful to Anne Butler, boss and loyal member of the New Age (or as some call it ?the Aquarian Conspiracy?) for giving me the opportunity to give ?media anthropology? a try. Thanks also to you who have read the paper for the past five years. My hope is that trying to include things like perspective, balance, and context in media information will very soon become so commonplace that this will be another idea that fades into the oblivion of acceptability. Global Alliance: America?s Past Meets K-State?s Future(October 1986 Rejected Censored) U.S. Secretary of Education, William Bennett, told a KSU audience this fall that we need to remember and revive America?s history. Bennett had expressed the same sentiment in a 1984 National Endowment for the Humanities Study ?State of Learning in Higher Education?; and the only thing I can conclude is that he was not noticeably moved to broaden his historical perspective by a column I wrote that year, for the KSU ethnic newspaper, Alliance, encouraging him to listen to ?other voices? besides those of white males when he recounted ?our? past. Where were the women?s voices, I asked. Where are the minority?s stories? I?m not going to criticize America?s history. ?Freedom and Justice for all? is probably the best idea anyone ever had. So I hope not to be called a ?forefather hater? because I happen also to notice that those forefathers owned slaves and would not even allow their mothers to vote; or because I continue to think it vital that we also remember our society?s historical social structure empowered white males only. Sure, the forefathers didn?t know any better. Everyone back then though of women and people of color as something ?other? than the ?men who were created equal.? We needn?t haggle over the past ? if only it had stayed in the past. The problem comes when Bennett?s selectively viewed brand of history remains an excuse for maintaining an inequitable social structure today. Oh, I don?t mean Secretary Bennett or anyone else would actively deny anyone their rights in 1986. It is more subtle than that. American history is not like remnants of old clothes sewn into the family quilt for preservation. We still wear it. Much of ?the past? lives on today in the invisible under-pinnings of our social institutions, not to mention our memories. Fairness and unfairness, begun way back when, continue to be living parts of our everyday life ? in the power structures of our government, our families, our churches. Even at Kansas Sate University, when we sit back complacently and ?maintain the status quo,? it is that traditional, exclusive power structure we maintain. I have high hopes that the new KSU President and his administration will guide K-State more in the direction of inclusiveness ? or real ?freedom and justice for all? -- instead of glibly maintaining that ?K-State has a noble history, so let?s just maintain the status quo.? The status quo wasn?t fair in the past, and it?s not fair today. How is an historically unfair institutional structure reflected at KSU? Let?s overlook those hard-to-see barriers that live inside people?s minds and just look at a few concrete numbers. Do you know that, in 1984, of the 1,388 total faculty members teaching at KSU, 1090 were men and, of those, 1013 were Caucasian men? Do you know that this year, 1986, there are two (2) Black faculty members teaching at K-State? There are zero (0) Hispanic and zero (0) American Indian members of the teaching faculty. Do you know that in 1986 KSU hired nine new recruiters to help increase the dwindling enrollment and that, although there were females hired, there were no minorities among the nine? Yes, of course, these people will recruit whomever they can recruit, without regard to race or class or anything else. And when not many minorities or other non-traditional students come to KSU, administrators will still be able to say that minorities simply ?weren?t there? to recruit, just as they now say minorities (and women) ?aren?t there? to hire. But, to me, that sounds a little like saying women and minorities ?weren?t there? to be written about in the history books. They were always there alright. It?s just that they weren?t the focus of attention. They lived in a world that made them invisible; they were forced outside the mainstream; they were not allowed access to education; and so on. It seems important to remember that we live in historically-shaped relationships to each other. And that translates into an historical social structure which includes a good measure of racism and sexism. Many levels of unfairness have become institutionalized in our society, and it is worrisome to hear Bennett?s fragmented view of history applauded when it contains nether all of that history nor narry a mention of how to improve institutional structures in the future. As it is, those holding the traditional power seem to use smugness about the past as an excuse to perpetuate it. In 1986, the historical claim that women and minorities are ?not there? to be recruited, hired, and promoted, paid comparably, and so forth rings as hollow as the liberty Bell probably sounds with that big crack in it?s side. At Kansas State University, in 1986 it is particularly disconcerting that no minority (or older) student recruiters were hired because it may reflect the policy and vision of a new administration; a policy that can be as damaging to KSU as it is to non-traditional students. All current population trend information shows clearly that educational institutions need to concern themselves with one very important fact (beyond democracy and justice) about the minority population: it is growing while the traditional pool of potential students is decreasing. In other words, population projections indicate that, if educational institutions are going to stay in business, many of the students enrolled in them will be minorities and other non-traditional students. ?The United States is experiencing profound demographic changes. One such change is the significant increase in the growth of its minority population,? according to a report sponsored by the American Council on Education, ?Demographic Imperatives: Implication for Educational Policy? (1983). The report stated that today?s educational policy planners need to remember that ?as majority citizens age, a larger percentage of this population will retire and become dependent on the income and tax-producing capabilities of minority youth.? Minorities already constitute the majority of school enrollment in 23 of the nation?s 25 largest cities. By the year 2000, 53 major cities will have a majority ?minority? population. The United States is currently integrating into North America the second largest wave of immigrants in history ? a total of roughly 13.9 million. In addition, as the majority population ages, more and more ?older students? are seeking university education. As we allow them access, more students with physical limitation will want to enroll. Certainly, as KSU?s new president noted, international students are becoming more important to our university systems as our visions (not to mention our markets) become more global. 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